Chapter 42.2 Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

What does the mammalian cardiovascular system do?

A

meets the body’s continuous demand for O2

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2
Q

Where does blood begin to flow?

A

the right ventricle pumping blood into the lungs via the pulmonary arteries

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3
Q

What happens in the lungs?

A

the blood loads O2 and unloads CO2

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4
Q

What happens to oxygen-rich blood from the lungs?

A

enters the heart at the left atrium via the pulmonary veins

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5
Q

Where is blood pumped through the aorta to?

A

the body tissues by the left ventricle

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6
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

provides blood to the heart through the hcoronary arteries

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7
Q

How does blood return to the heart?

A

through the superior vena vaca and inferior vena cava

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8
Q

superior vena cava

A

blood from head, neck, and forelimbs

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9
Q

inferior vena cava

A

blood from trunk and hind limbs

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10
Q

What do the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava flow into?

A

the right atrium

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11
Q

What do the two atria have and serve as?

A

relatively thin walls; collection chambers for blood returning to the heart

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12
Q

What do the ventricles have and do?

A

thicker walls; contract much more forcefully

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13
Q

The cardiac cycle

A

the rhythmic cycle where the heart contracts and relaxes

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14
Q

systole

A

the contraction, or pumping phase, of the heart

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15
Q

Diastole

A

the relaxation, or filling, phase of the heart

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16
Q

Heart rate (pulse)

A

the number of beats per minute

17
Q

Stroke volume

A

the amount of blood pumped in a single contraction

18
Q

cardiac output

A

the volume of blood pumped into the systemic circulation per minute

19
Q

what does the cardiac output depend on

A

both the heart rate and the stroke volume

20
Q

Four valves prevent backflow of blood in the heart

A
  1. the atrioventricular (AV) valves

2. semilunar valves

21
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

A

separate each atrium and ventricle

22
Q

Semilunar valves

A

control blood flow to the aorta and the pulmonary artery

23
Q

What causes the “lub-dup” sound of a heart beat?

A

the recoil of blood against the AV valves (lub) then against the semilunar (dup) valves

24
Q

What causes heart murmur

A

backflow of blood through a defective valve

25
some cardiac muscle cells are...
autorhythmic
26
autorhythmic
they contract without any signal from the nervous system
27
the sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker)
sets the rate and timing at which cardiac muscle cells contract
28
How can impulses that travel during the cardiac cycle be recorded
as an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
29
Where do impulses from the SA node travel to?
the atrioventricular (AV) node
30
What happens at the AV node?
the impulses are delayed and then travel to the Purkinje fibers that make the ventricles contract
31
the pacemaker is regulated by two portions of the nervous system:
the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
32
what does teh sympathetic division do
speeds up the pacemaker
33
what does the parasympathetic division do
slows down the pacemaker
34
what is the pacemaker also regulated by
bormones and temperature