Chapter 4.2

Question 1

What are the stages of sleep?

Answer 1

Stage 1: Light sleep, hypnic jerks, alpha to theta waves (1-7 min)
Stage 2: Sleep spindles (bursts of brain activity) (10-25 min)
Stage 3: Deep sleep, delta waves, slow-wave sleep (30 min)
REM Sleep: Rapid eye movement, vivid dreams, body paralysis

Question 2

What happens during REM sleep?

Answer 2

Rapid eye movement
Increased heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing
Vivid dreaming
Muscle paralysis

Question 3

What are the effects of sleep deprivation?

Answer 3

Impaired attention, reaction time, and decision-making
Increased risk of accidents
REM rebound (increased REM sleep after deprivation)

Question 4

What are common sleep disorders?

Answer 4

Insomnia: Difficulty falling or staying asleep
Sleep Apnea: Reflexive gasping for air
Nightmares: Anxiety-inducing dreams (REM)
Night Terrors: Intense panic (NREM)
Narcolepsy: Uncontrollable sleep attacks
Sleepwalking: Occurs during slow-wave sleep

Question 5

What are the major dream theories?

Answer 5

Freud (Psychoanalytic): Dreams fulfill unconscious wishes
Cognitive: Dreams help with problem-solving
Evolutionary: Dreams aid survival
Neuroscience (Activation-Synthesis): Dreams result from neural activation