Chapter 1.2

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 1

First scientific psychologist; established the first psychology lab in 1879; focused on Structuralism and introspection.

Question 2

Structuralism

Answer 2

School of thought that studied the structure of consciousness; used introspection but was highly subjective.

Question 3

William James

Answer 3

First American psychologist; studied the function of consciousness; founder of Functionalism.

Question 4

Functionalism

Answer 4

School of thought that used objective techniques like tests, precise measurements, and behavioral observations to reduce subjectivity.

Question 5

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 5

“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts”; emphasized holistic perception; founded by Wertheimer and Perls.

Question 6

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Answer 6

Freud’s theory that behavior is influenced by the unconscious mind, revealed through free association and dream analysis.

Question 7

Behaviorism

Answer 7

Psychology should only study observable behavior; key figures: John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner.

Question 8

John B. Watson

Answer 8

Studied human behavior; famous for the “Little Albert” experiment, demonstrating classical conditioning of fear.

Question 9

B.F. Skinner

Answer 9

Studied animal behavior using the “Skinner box”; developed operant conditioning.

Question 10

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 10

Focuses on individual emotions, experiences, and self-fulfillment; key figures: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

Question 11

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 11

Studies thoughts, memory, expectations, perceptions, and other mental processes.

Question 12

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 12

Examines how behavior is adaptive and helps promote survival.

Question 13

Neuroscience Perspective

Answer 13

Uses technology to explore brain structures and functions; takes an interdisciplinary approach.