Chapter 2.3 Flashcards
Steps of neural impulse transmission?
Neural impulse received by dendrites.
Passes through the soma.
Travels along the axon.
Reaches terminal buttons.
Neurotransmitters released into synapse.
Binds to receptor sites on another neuron.
Five key processes in synaptic transmission?
Synthesis & Storage – Neurotransmitters produced & stored.
Release – Neurotransmitters enter the synaptic cleft.
Binding – Neurotransmitters attach to receptor sites.
Inactivation/Removal – Excess neurotransmitters are broken down or removed.
Reuptake – Unused neurotransmitters are reabsorbed.
What is the “lock and key” analogy?
Neurotransmitters bind only to specific receptor sites, like a key fitting a lock.
Name three important neurotransmitters.
Dopamine, Serotonin, Endorphins.
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
What are the components of the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord.
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic (fight-or-flight) and Parasympathetic (rest & recovery).
What are the components of the PNS?
Nerve cells outside the CNS, including the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems.
What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulate?
Involuntary functions (smooth muscles, blood vessels, glands).
What does the somatic nervous system control?
Voluntary muscles and sensory receptors.
What physical responses accompany sympathetic activation?
Increased heart rate, sweating, goosebumps, dilated pupils
What are the three major regions of the brain?
Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain.
What are the major structures of the hindbrain?
Medulla, Pons, Cerebellum, Reticular Formation.
Function of the medulla?
Controls vital functions like heart rate and breathing.
Function of the cerebellum?
Coordinates balance and fine motor movements.
Function of the pons?
Connects different brain regions; involved in sleep and arousal.
