Chapter 41 Excretory System

Question 1

The process of filtration from the capillaries into Bowman’s capsule is driven by _____.

Answer 1

blood pressure

Question 2

During filtration in the kidney, which of the following is least likely (under normal circumstances) to enter Bowman’s capsule from the bloodstream?

Answer 2

plasma proteins

Question 3

Nitrogenous waste products such as urea are derived from the metabolic breakdown of _____.

Answer 3

proteins

Question 4

The hormone erythropoietin is released by the kidney ____.

Answer 4

in response to low levels of oxygen in blood

Question 5

True or False: Animals must regulate solutes and water in their body fluids.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Osmoregulation (Osmotic Regulation)

Answer 6

controls concentration of solutes

Question 7

Ionic Regulation

Answer 7

controls ions in body fluids

Question 8

Volume Regulation

Answer 8

regulation of the total amount of water in a body fluid

Question 9

What is an example of volume regulation in humans?

Answer 9

regulating blood volume

Question 10

What do the regulation processes in excretory systems rely on?

Answer 10

osmosis

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

diffusion of water

Question 12

Is water a solute or solvent?

Answer 12

solvent

Question 13

Examples of Osmotic Fluids

Answer 13

• plasma
• cytosol
• interstitial fluid

Question 14

True or False: Water and molecules will NOT diffuse across semipermeable membranes.

Answer 14

false

Question 15

What are the three main water/solute balance functions of the excretory systems?

Answer 15

• get rid of excess salts
• conserve solutes
• get rid of excess (or conserve) water

Question 16

Hypotonic Solution

Answer 16

• less solute in the solution and more solute in the cell
• causes the cell to inflate

Question 17

What is the direction of water movement in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 17

water is flowing into the cell

Question 18

Isotonic Solution

Answer 18

the solute concentration is the same both inside and outside the cell

Question 19

What is the direction of water movement in an isotonic solution?

Answer 19

water flows in and out of the cell simultaneously

Question 20

Hypertonic Solution

Answer 20

• more solute is in the solute than inside the cell
• causes the cell to shrivel

Question 21

What is the direction of water movement in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 21

water flows out of the cell

Question 22

True or False: Animals are either osmoregulators or osmoconformers.

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Can animals be both osmoregulators and osmoconformers?

Answer 23

YES

Question 24

Osmoregulator

Answer 24

animals that maintain osmolarity that is appropriate for that animal

Question 25

Osmoconformer

Answer 25

have internal osmolarity that changes with the environment

Question 26

Salt Glands

Answer 26

bundles of secretory tubules with arterioles and veins

Question 27

What is the function of salt glands?

Answer 27

remove excess salt from the body and allow conservation of water

Question 28

Rectal Gland

Answer 28

salt gland in sharks that is connected to the digestive system

Question 29

Do humans have salt glands?

Answer 29

NO

Question 30

What are the 2 metabolic wastes in the excretory system?

Answer 30

nitrogenous wastes and CO2 and water

Question 31

Nitrogenous Wastes

Answer 31

end products of protein and nucleic acid metabolism

Question 32

CO2 and Water Wastes

Answer 32

end products of carbohydrate and fat metabolism

Question 33

What is the functional unit of a kidney?

Answer 33

nephron

Question 34

Kidney

Answer 34

main excretory organ that produces urine

Question 35

Ureter

Answer 35

carries urine to bladder

Question 36

Bladder

Answer 36

storage site for urine

Question 37

Bowman's Capsule

Answer 37

surrounds the glomerulus and helps store urine

Question 38

Glomerulus

Answer 38

ball of capillaries in the kidney

Question 39

Loop of Henle

Answer 39

part of tubule that dips into medulla

Question 40

What does the collecting duct do in the kidney?

Answer 40

concentrates urine

Question 41

What are the three processes that nephrons are involved with?

Answer 41

- filtration - secretion - reabsorption

Question 42

Where does filtration occur in the nephron?

Answer 42

Bowman's capsule

Question 43

What is filtered out of the nephron?

Answer 43

water and solutes

Question 44

What stays in the blood during filtration?

Answer 44

proteins and blood cells

Question 45

What happens to filtration rate if blood pressure increases?

Answer 45

filtration rate will speed up and more urine will be produced

Question 46

What is filtration similar to?

Answer 46

a coffee maker

Question 47

Reabsorption in Nephrons

Answer 47

conserves water, ions, and other molecules

Question 48

What is likely to be reabsorbed in nephrons?

Answer 48

glucose

Question 49

Secretion in Nephrons

Answer 49

active pumping of molecules into tubule

Question 50

What is likely to be secreted from the kidney?

Answer 50

urea, extra wastes

Question 51

What do kidneys do when it comes to pH?

Answer 51

kidneys regulate pH of extracellular fluids

Question 52

What are the major buffers in the blood with kidneys and pH?

Answer 52

bicarbonate ions

Question 53

The more CO2 in the blood, the more ____ because reaction moves right.

Answer 53

hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 54

How do kidneys raise pH?

Answer 54

by removing hydrogen ions and returning bicarbonate

Question 55

What does low blood pressure cause in the excretory system?

Answer 55

secretion of renin

Question 56

What does renin cause?

Answer 56

secretion of angiotensin

Question 57

What does angiotensin cause?

Answer 57

secretion of aldosterone

Question 58

Angiotensin

Answer 58

stimulates thirst

Question 59

Aldosterone

Answer 59

increases sodium reabsorption to help conserve water

Question 60

Renin

Answer 60

raises blood pressure

Question 61

What does an antidiuretic hormone do?

Answer 61

makes the body conserve water

Question 62

When is an antidiuretic hormone released?

Answer 62

in response to dehydration

Question 63

True or False: Osmoregulators have internal solute concentrations that change as environmental solute concentrations change.

Answer 63

False