Chapter 40 Circulatory System Flashcards
Where is hemoglobin found?
red blood cells
Plasma
fluid portion of blood
Characteristics of Hemoglobin
- tetrameric
- contains 4 hemes
True or False: All animals have a circulatory system.
False
True or False: In mammals, deoxygenated blood is kept separate from oxygenated blood due to the presence of two circuits.
True
In the human heart, blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the ____.
aorta
In mammals, blood in the pulmonary vein is ___.
oxygenated
True or False: Cardiac muscles are striated.
True
Most of the CO2 (carbon dioxide) in the blood _____.
has been converted to bicarbonate and dissolved in plasma
In mammals (ie humans), oxygen is primarily transported in the blood _____.
bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells
True or False: Oxygen binds to the iron that is found in the heme group of hemoglobin.
True
What are the 3 components of the circulatory system?
- pump (heart)
- fluid (blood)
- tubes (blood vessels)
Function of the Circulatory System
carries nutrients, gases, and metabolic wastes around the body
2 Types of Circulatory Systems
open and closed
Does an open circulatory system contain a heart?
YES
What is another word for blood in open circulatory systems?
hemolymph
Is there a distinction between blood and extracellular fluid in open circulatory systems?
NO
What does hemolymph do in open circulatory systems?
bathes cells directly by being emptied into cavities and coming into direct contact with tissues
True or False: Blood is in the vessels in closed circulatory systems.
True
Examples of Animals with Closed Circulatory Systems
- vertebrates
- annelids
- cephalopods
True or False: The heart is more muscular in a closed circulatory system.
True
What is the blood separate from in closed circulatory systems?
intersitital fluid
What animals lack a circulatory system?
- sponges
- some invertebrates
Why do some animals lack a circulatory system?
- low metabolic rates
- short diffusion distances
Why do larger and more active animals need a circulatory system?
- higher metabolic waste
- cannot get nutrients via diffusion
- Extracellular fluid is where cells get nutrients and dump wastes
What are the two types of extracellular fluid in animals with closed circulatory systems?
- plasma in the system itself
- interstitial fluid between cells
3 Advantages of Having a Closed Circulatory System
- fluid moves more quickly
- blood flow can be controlled
- specialized cells and molecules aid in transport
Do all closed circulatory systems have the same structure?
NO