Chapter 37 Endocrine System Flashcards
Tropic hormones control the activity of ____.
other endocrine glands
True or False: Hormones are chemical signals that help maintain homeostasis.
True
If all the blood flow in the portal blood vessels between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is blocked, one possible consequence could be ____.
a decrease in the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland
Which part of the pituitary gland is neural tissue that releases neurohormones?
posterior pituitary
Where is the receptor that steroid hormones bind to?
inside the cell
Where do hydrophilic hormones bind?
receptors that are planted on a plasma membrane
True or False: The hormone itself in a hydrophilic hormone stays outside the cell whilst the signal travels in through the receptor.
True
What is the function of the endocrine system?
controls body processes through the production, regulation, and secretion of hormones
Hormone
a chemical messenger that helps maintain homeostasis
3 Classes of Hormones
- amino acid-derived
- peptide/protein
- lipid-derived
Examples of Lipid-Derived Hormones
- estradiol
- progesterone
- aldosterone
Examples of Amino Acid-Derived Hormones
- epinephrine
- norepinephrine
- melatonin
Examples of Peptide Hormones
- insulin
- oxytocin
- glucagon
Hormone production and release is controlled by ___.
negative feedback
How does negative feedback control/regulate hormone release?
- a stimulus causes a release
- once the substance reaches a certain level, it sends a signal to back to stop further release
Negative feedback keep hormones ___.
within a narrow range
3 Types of Stimuli that Trigger Hormone Release
- humoral
- hormonal
- neural
Humoral Stimuli
changes in extracellular fluids
Example of Humoral Stimuli
blood sugar
Hormonal Stimuli
hormone triggers another hormone’s release
Example of Hormonal Stimuli
TSH causes T3/T4 release
Neural Stimuli
nervous system stimulates endocrine glands
Example of Neural Stimuli
norepinephrine and epinephrine release in response to stress
Where is the hypothalamus located?
in the brain
Pituitary Gland
links the nervous system and the endocrine system
2 Parts of the Pituitary Gland
anterior and posterior
Posterior Pituitary
neural tissue (where neurons from the hypothalamus terminate)
Anterior Pituitary
develops from the tissue in the roof of the mouth
What does the posterior pituitary gland release?
neurohormones
Examples of Neurohormones in the Posterior Pituitary
antidiuretics
What is the anterior pituitary controlled by?
hypothalamus
How do neurohormones travel from the hypothalamus?
portal system
Portal Blood Vessels
capillaries that connect the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
What does the anterior pituitary release?
tropic hormones
Examples of Tropic Hormones
- luteinizing hormone (LH)
- follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
What releases the thyrotropin-releasing hormone?
hypothalamus
Where does the thyrotropin-releasing hormone travel?
anterior pituitary
What type of hormone is thyrotropin?
tropic hormone
Where does thyrotropin tavel?
thyroid
What does the thyroid release?
thyroid hormones (T3 + T4)
What type of hormone are thyroid hormones?
amine hormones
