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Principles of Biology II > Chapter 37 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Chapter 37 Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Tropic hormones control the activity of ____.

A

other endocrine glands

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2
Q

True or False: Hormones are chemical signals that help maintain homeostasis.

A

True

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3
Q

If all the blood flow in the portal blood vessels between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland is blocked, one possible consequence could be ____.

A

a decrease in the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland

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4
Q

Which part of the pituitary gland is neural tissue that releases neurohormones?

A

posterior pituitary

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5
Q

Where is the receptor that steroid hormones bind to?

A

inside the cell

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6
Q

Where do hydrophilic hormones bind?

A

receptors that are planted on a plasma membrane

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7
Q

True or False: The hormone itself in a hydrophilic hormone stays outside the cell whilst the signal travels in through the receptor.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

controls body processes through the production, regulation, and secretion of hormones

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9
Q

Hormone

A

a chemical messenger that helps maintain homeostasis

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10
Q

3 Classes of Hormones

A
  • amino acid-derived
  • peptide/protein
  • lipid-derived
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11
Q

Examples of Lipid-Derived Hormones

A
  • estradiol
  • progesterone
  • aldosterone
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12
Q

Examples of Amino Acid-Derived Hormones

A
  • epinephrine
  • norepinephrine
  • melatonin
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13
Q

Examples of Peptide Hormones

A
  • insulin
  • oxytocin
  • glucagon
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14
Q

Hormone production and release is controlled by ___.

A

negative feedback

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15
Q

How does negative feedback control/regulate hormone release?

A
  1. a stimulus causes a release
  2. once the substance reaches a certain level, it sends a signal to back to stop further release
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16
Q

Negative feedback keep hormones ___.

A

within a narrow range

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17
Q

3 Types of Stimuli that Trigger Hormone Release

A
  • humoral
  • hormonal
  • neural
18
Q

Humoral Stimuli

A

changes in extracellular fluids

19
Q

Example of Humoral Stimuli

A

blood sugar

20
Q

Hormonal Stimuli

A

hormone triggers another hormone’s release

21
Q

Example of Hormonal Stimuli

A

TSH causes T3/T4 release

22
Q

Neural Stimuli

A

nervous system stimulates endocrine glands

23
Q

Example of Neural Stimuli

A

norepinephrine and epinephrine release in response to stress

24
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

in the brain

25
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

links the nervous system and the endocrine system

26
Q

2 Parts of the Pituitary Gland

A

anterior and posterior

27
Q

Posterior Pituitary

A

neural tissue (where neurons from the hypothalamus terminate)

28
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

develops from the tissue in the roof of the mouth

29
Q

What does the posterior pituitary gland release?

A

neurohormones

30
Q

Examples of Neurohormones in the Posterior Pituitary

A

antidiuretics

31
Q

What is the anterior pituitary controlled by?

A

hypothalamus

32
Q

How do neurohormones travel from the hypothalamus?

A

portal system

33
Q

Portal Blood Vessels

A

capillaries that connect the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

34
Q

What does the anterior pituitary release?

A

tropic hormones

35
Q

Examples of Tropic Hormones

A
  • luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
36
Q

What releases the thyrotropin-releasing hormone?

A

hypothalamus

37
Q

Where does the thyrotropin-releasing hormone travel?

A

anterior pituitary

38
Q

What type of hormone is thyrotropin?

A

tropic hormone

39
Q

Where does thyrotropin tavel?

A

thyroid

40
Q

What does the thyroid release?

A

thyroid hormones (T3 + T4)

41
Q

What type of hormone are thyroid hormones?

A

amine hormones

Principles of Biology II (7 decks)

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