Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Principles of Biology II > Chapter 36 Sensory Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 36 Sensory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of sensory receptor activates G proteins that leads to the production of second messengers.

A

metabotropic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If a person is unable to maintain their balance and is dizzy, which structure is the most likely candidate for these symptoms?

A

Vestibular System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which behavior results from the adaptation of sensory cells?

A

not smelling something after being in its presence for a while

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ear can distinguish different sound frequencies because different parts of the ____ respond differently to the different frequencies.

A

basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Drugs that inhibit G proteins will affect ___.

A

vision and smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False: The retina is the location of photoreceptor cells.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Smelling baking cookies triggers a(n) ___.

A

chemoreceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the name of the structure that enables you to hear different pitches (frequencies)?

A

basilar membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following senses requires the activation of mechanoreceptors?

A

hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The sound of an alarm clock in the morning triggers a(n) ____ in the sleeper.

A

mechanoreceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Photoreceptors in humans are found in the ____.

A

retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Olfaction involves which type of tropic receptor?

A

metabotropic receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is another word for sensory receptors?

A

sensors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do sensory receptor cells do?

A

convert physical and chemical stimuli into neuronal signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do the neuronal signals travel to for processing?

A

central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 6 types of sensory receptors?

A
  • chemoreceptors
  • mechanoreceptors
  • photoreceptors
  • electroreceptors
  • magnetoreceptors
  • thermoreceptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

include taste, pH, blood oxygen levels, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

include touch, heairng, blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Photoreceptors

A

sense light wavelenghts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Electroreceptors

A

generate and detect electric fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Magnetoreceptors

A

sense earth’s magnetic field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thermoreceptor

A

sense changes in temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Do all senses have similar pathways?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens after a signal is received in a sensory system pathway?

A

the cell converts a stimulus into an intracellular signal (signal transduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What happens after signal transduction in a sensory system pathway?
The signal is amplified by enzymes that create second messengers
26
What happens after a signal is amplified in sensory systems?
The signal is sent to the integrating center by the nervous system
27
Perception of signals occurs at ___.
integrating center
28
What type of signal is the sensory information converted into?
electrical signal
29
What are the two types of tropic receptors?
Metabotropic and Ionotropic
30
Ionotropic Receptors
ion channels or direct opening of ion channels
31
3 Types of Ionotropic Receptors
- mechanoreceptor - thermoreceptor - electroreceptor
32
How does a mechanoreceptor open a channel?
pressure
33
How does a thermoreceptor open a channel?
heat
34
How does an electroreceptor open a channel?
electric charge
35
Metabotropic receptors
influence ion channels indirectly through G proteins and second messengers
36
2 Types of Metabotropic Receptors
- chemoreceptor - photoreceptor
37
Olfaction
sense of smell
38
What type of receptor does the sense of smell rely on?
chemoreceptors
39
Where are the bipolar neurons in vertebrates for sense of smell?
in the epithelial tissue on top of the nasal cavity
40
Sensory Adaptation
sensory cells give smaller and smaller responses
41
What type of tropic receptor does smell rely on?
Metabotropic
42
Gustaion
sense of taste
43
What receptor does sense of taste rely on?
chemoreceptor
44
Where are chemoreceptors found in the tongue?
tastebuds
45
Where are tastebuds found?
papilla of tongue
46
Where is microvilli found in the tongue?
sensory cells
47
Where do molecules bind in taste?
receptors on microvilli
48
What do sensory cells do in the tongue?
release neurotransmitters that stimulates sensory neurons
49
5 Tastes
- salty - sweet - sour - bitter - umami
50
Do cells of tastebuds produce action potentials?
YES
51
Are metabotropic or ionotropic receptors found in taste?
both
52
Outer Ear
tympanic membrane at the end of the ear canal
53
Characteristics of the Middle Ear
- has 3 bones - contains eustachian tube
54
3 Bones in the Middle Ear
- malleus - incus - stapes
55
What is another word for bones in the ear?
ossicles
56
Eustachian Tube
opens to throat from ear
57
Inner Ear
location of cochlea and vestibular system
58
Does the tympanic membrane in the ear vibrate?
YES
59
What do the 3 bones in the middle ear vibrate against?
the oval window
60
Characterisitcs of the Cochlea
- coiled structure - has sensory cells responsible for heaing
61
Characteristics of Semicircular Canals
- responsible for equilibrium - have hair cells
62
What structure is responsible for hearing?
cochlea
63
What type of tropic receptors are hair cells?
ionotropic receptors
64
Is the basilar membrane above or below the tectorial membrane?
below
65
Does the basilar membrane release neurotransmitters?
YES
66
What do sound waves create?
pressure waves in cochlear canals
67
Semicircular Canals sense...
orientation (turning of head)
68
Vestibule is a chamber with ___.
the utricle and saccule
69
Stereocilia of hair cells are embedded in...
gelatinous membrane
70
Vestibule detects...
linear acceleration
71
Sclera
white part of the eye
72
Iris
controls the amount of light that is entering the eye
73
Pupil
opening of iris
74
Lens
focuses light onto retina
75
Retina
contains photoreceptors
76
Blind Spot
- where the nerve leaves - no photoreceptors
77
Are hair cells in the ear involved with equilibrium?
YES
78
What receptor does vision use?
photoreceptors
79
What do rods and cones respond to?
light
80
Light
electromagnetic waves
81
Does light need a medium to travel?
NO
82
Rods
detects dim light and grays
83
Cones
detects bright lights and colors
84
Are cones more sensitive than rods?
NO
85
What are photopigments made of?
protein and retinal
86
Rhodopsin
photopigment in rods
87
What happens when light hits the retinal?
- will change conformation - causes opsin (protein) to change conformation - activates g protein
88
Are metabotropic or ionotropic receptors responsible for light?
metabotropic
89
You walk into an Italian restaurant, and when you first arrive the smell of pizza, pasta and bread is really strong, but after 10-15 minutes you don't notice it. What is this process called?
sensory adaptation
90
Which structure in the inner ear is responsible for detecting different pitches?
basilar membrane
91
Photoreceptors are a type of ____.
metabotropic receptors
92
Which photoreceptors function during bright light and enable you to see colors?
cones
93
94
Which type of receptor involves G proteins and second messengers in a sensory receptor pathway?
metabotropic receptors
95
Put the following events in the correct order that they occur during sensory perception in a vertebrate. 1. Action potentials are produced in neurons that transmit information to the brain. 2. Receptor proteins in the cell membranes of sensory receptor cells bind to (or are affected by) an external signal. 3. Perception of the signal occurs. 4. Amplification of the signal occurs within the sensory cell. 5. Signal transduction occurs.
2, 5, 4, 1, 3
96
True or False: Hair cells are metabotropic receptors.
False
97
When sensory receptor cells recognize a particular stimulus (e.g., light, chemicals) they will transduce that external incoming stimulus ____.
into an intracellular signal

Principles of Biology II (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions