Chapter 35 Nervous System Flashcards
What does the CNS do?
creates signals that control the functions of the body
Autonomic Nervous System
controls body functions without conscious control
Somatic Nervous System
voluntary control of muscles
What are the four components of the somatic nervous system?
- spinal cord
- somatic motor neuron
- skeletal muscle (effector)
- acetylene
As you are driving home one night, you see a dark animal bound across the road. You quickly apply the brakes and swerve to avoid the animal. Which of the following best describes the flow of information that leads to your response.
afferent peripheral neurons -> central nervous system -> efferent peripheral neurons
You forget to study for an exam, so when you start to take the exam your mouth gets dry, your pulse increases, and you start to sweat. Which division of your nervous system is responsible for these reactions?
sympathetic nervous system
True or False: The autonomic nervous system controls both involuntary and voluntary functions.
False
____ is the division of the nervous system that is responsible for the rest and digest response.
parasympathetic nervous system
Characteristics of Interneurons
- only found in the central nervous system
- connect afferent and efferent neurons
A monosynaptic reflex pathway has how many synapses?
1
True or False: Reflex responses require input from the brain to initiate a response.
False
____ are cells of the nervous system that transduce physical or chemical stimuli into signals that lead to the production of action potentials for transmission to other parts of the nervous system for processing and interpretation
Sensory Receptor Cells
What is the Sensory-Somatic Nervous System responsible for?
transmits sensory information from skin/muscles/sensory organs to CNS and send motor commands to muscles
Function of the PNS
transports signals from the CNS to cells/tissues/organs
What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
sensory-somatic and autonomic
What does the PNS connect?
the CNS with the rest of the body
What do sensory system pathways rely on?
afferent and efferent neurons
Do all pathways involve afferent and efferent neurons?
YES
Characteristics of Afferent Neurons
- sensory neurons
- pick up information from the outside
- carry information to the CNS
Characteristics of Efferent Neurons
- carry commands (behavior and physiological) signals to muscles and glands
- carry information away from the CNS
Characteristics of Interneurons
- connect afferent and efferent neurons
- in CNS
Are interneurons in all pathways?
NO
What does the spinal cord do?
transmits and processes information
Spinal Reflex
conversion of afferent and efferent information without the brain causing a response
What are the two pathways in the spinal cord?
monosynaptic and polysynaptic
Characteristics of Monosynaptic Pathway
- simple
- involves 2 neurons
Characteristics of Polysynaptic Pathway
- more complex
- involves interneurons
What does a knee-jerk reflex involve?
both monosynaptic and polysynaptic pathways
What is the somatic nervous system part of?
peripheral nervous system
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic Nervous System
fight or flight response
Parasympathetic Nervous System
rest and digest
Do the parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system have opposite effects?
YES
Why do the parasympathetic nervous system and sympathetic nervous system balance each other?
to maintain homeostasis
If someone walks into the room with a lot of perfume, ____ neurons transmit that odorant information to your brain for you to perceive the smell.
afferent neurons
Which part of the nervous system controls voluntary movement of muscles?
sensory-somatic nervous system
A monosynaptic pathway involves how many neurons?
2
The ____ nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response.
sympathetic nervous system
