Chapter 40- Antiviral drugs Flashcards
AIDS
Infection caused by HIV that weakens the host’s immune system, giving rise to opportunistic infections by pathogens that normally coexist in the body with minimal health effects
Antibody
An immunoglobulin molecule that has an antigen-specific amino acid sequence and is synthesized by the hummer immune system in response to exposure to a specific antigen; the antibody’s purpose it to attack and destroy molecules of this antigen
Antigen
A substance, usually a protein, that is forcing to a host and causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody
Antiretroviral drug
A more specific term for antiviral drugs that target retroviruses such as HIV
Antiviral drug
A general term for any drug that destroys viruses, either directly or indirectly, by suppressing their replication.
Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)
One of two major parts of the immune system. CMI consists of nonspecific immune responses mediated primarily by T lymphocytes and other immune system cells, but not anti-body producing cells (B lymphocytes)
DNA
Nucleic acid composed of nucleotide units that contain molecules of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and purine and pyrimidine bases. DNA molecules transmit genetic information and are found primarily in the nuclei of cells.
Fusion
The process by which viruses attach themselves or fuse with the cell membranes of hosts cells in preparation for infecting for the cell purposes of viral replication.
Genome
Complete set of genetic material of any organism.
Herpesvirus
Any of several different types of viruses of the family Herpesviridae that causes any form of herpes infection
HIV
Retrovirus that causes AIDs
Humoral immunity
Second of two major parts of the immune system. It consists of specific immune responses in the form of antigen-specific antibodies produced from B lymphocytes
Immunoglobulin
A glycoprotein synthesized and used by the humeral immune system to attack and kill any substance that is foreign to the body.
Influenza virus
The virus that causes influenza, an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract
Nucleic acids
A general term referring to DNA and RNA. These complex biomolecules contain the genetic material of all living organisms, which is passed to fire generations during reproduction.
Nucleoside
A structural component of nucleic acid molecules that consists of purine or pyrimidine base attached to a sugar molecule
Nucleotide
A nucleoside that is attached to a phosphate unit, which makes up the side chain “backbone” of DNA or RNA
Opportunistic infections
Infections caused by any type of MO and occurring in an immunocompromised host that normally would not occur in an immuno-competent host
Protease
An enzyme that breaks down the amnio acid structure of protein molecules by chemically cleaving the peptide bonds that link together the individual amino acids
Protease inhibitors (PIs)
Antiretroviral drugs that act by inhibiting the protease retroviral enzyme, thus interrupting viral replication
Replication
Any process of duplication or reproduction, such as that involved in the duplication of DNA or RNA during the reproduction processes of all living organisms.
Retrovirus
Any virus belonging to the family Retroviridae. These viruses contain RNA as their genome and replicate using the enzyme reverse of the usual process. HIV replicates like this.
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs)
Antiretroviral drugs that act by blocking activity of the enzyme reverse transcriptase, three subclasses: nucleoside RTIs, NRTIs,; non-nucleoside RTIs or NNRTIs, and nucleotide RTIs or NTRTIs
RNA
Nucleic acid composed of nucleotide units that contain molecules of the sugar ribose, phosphate groups, and purine and pyrimidine bases. RNA molecules transmit genetic information and are found in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of cells
Virion
A mature virus particle
Virus
The smallest class of MO; it can replicate only inside host cells
