Chapter 40- Antiviral drugs

Question 1

AIDS

Answer 1

Infection caused by HIV that weakens the host’s immune system, giving rise to opportunistic infections by pathogens that normally coexist in the body with minimal health effects

Question 2

Antibody

Answer 2

An immunoglobulin molecule that has an antigen-specific amino acid sequence and is synthesized by the hummer immune system in response to exposure to a specific antigen; the antibody’s purpose it to attack and destroy molecules of this antigen

Question 3

Antigen

Answer 3

A substance, usually a protein, that is forcing to a host and causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody

Question 4

Antiretroviral drug

Answer 4

A more specific term for antiviral drugs that target retroviruses such as HIV

Question 5

Antiviral drug

Answer 5

A general term for any drug that destroys viruses, either directly or indirectly, by suppressing their replication.

Question 6

Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)

Answer 6

One of two major parts of the immune system. CMI consists of nonspecific immune responses mediated primarily by T lymphocytes and other immune system cells, but not anti-body producing cells (B lymphocytes)

Question 7

DNA

Answer 7

Nucleic acid composed of nucleotide units that contain molecules of the sugar deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and purine and pyrimidine bases. DNA molecules transmit genetic information and are found primarily in the nuclei of cells.

Question 8

Fusion

Answer 8

The process by which viruses attach themselves or fuse with the cell membranes of hosts cells in preparation for infecting for the cell purposes of viral replication.

Question 9

Genome

Answer 9

Complete set of genetic material of any organism.

Question 10

Herpesvirus

Answer 10

Any of several different types of viruses of the family Herpesviridae that causes any form of herpes infection

Question 11

HIV

Answer 11

Retrovirus that causes AIDs

Question 12

Humoral immunity

Answer 12

Second of two major parts of the immune system. It consists of specific immune responses in the form of antigen-specific antibodies produced from B lymphocytes

Question 13

Immunoglobulin

Answer 13

A glycoprotein synthesized and used by the humeral immune system to attack and kill any substance that is foreign to the body.

Question 14

Influenza virus

Answer 14

The virus that causes influenza, an acute viral infection of the respiratory tract

Question 15

Nucleic acids

Answer 15

A general term referring to DNA and RNA. These complex biomolecules contain the genetic material of all living organisms, which is passed to fire generations during reproduction.

Question 16

Nucleoside

Answer 16

A structural component of nucleic acid molecules that consists of purine or pyrimidine base attached to a sugar molecule

Question 17

Nucleotide

Answer 17

A nucleoside that is attached to a phosphate unit, which makes up the side chain “backbone” of DNA or RNA

Question 18

Opportunistic infections

Answer 18

Infections caused by any type of MO and occurring in an immunocompromised host that normally would not occur in an immuno-competent host

Question 19

Protease

Answer 19

An enzyme that breaks down the amnio acid structure of protein molecules by chemically cleaving the peptide bonds that link together the individual amino acids

Question 20

Protease inhibitors (PIs)

Answer 20

Antiretroviral drugs that act by inhibiting the protease retroviral enzyme, thus interrupting viral replication

Question 21

Replication

Answer 21

Any process of duplication or reproduction, such as that involved in the duplication of DNA or RNA during the reproduction processes of all living organisms.

Question 22

Retrovirus

Answer 22

Any virus belonging to the family Retroviridae. These viruses contain RNA as their genome and replicate using the enzyme reverse of the usual process. HIV replicates like this.

Question 23

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs)

Answer 23

Antiretroviral drugs that act by blocking activity of the enzyme reverse transcriptase, three subclasses: nucleoside RTIs, NRTIs,; non-nucleoside RTIs or NNRTIs, and nucleotide RTIs or NTRTIs

Question 24

RNA

Answer 24

Nucleic acid composed of nucleotide units that contain molecules of the sugar ribose, phosphate groups, and purine and pyrimidine bases. RNA molecules transmit genetic information and are found in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of cells

Question 25

Virion

Answer 25

A mature virus particle

Question 26

Virus

Answer 26

The smallest class of MO; it can replicate only inside host cells