Chapter 39- Antibiotics part 2: Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, and other drugs Flashcards
Concentration-dependent killing
A property of some antibiotics, especially ahminoglycosides and vancomycin, of achieving a relatively high, even if brief, plasma drug concentration that results in the most effective bacterial kill.
Facultative anaerobic metabolism
A property of certain bacteria that allows them to adapt to low tissue oxygen concentrations and still thrive, even though they normally thrive in oxygen-rich environments
Microgram
one millionth of a gram
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
A lab measurement of the lowest drug concentration needed to kill a certain standard amount of bacteria.
MRSA
More commonly refers to strains of S.aureus that are resistance to several drug classes. May stand for mutidrug resistant S. aureus
Nephrotoxicity
Toxicity to the kidneys, often during induced and manifesting in compromised kidney function
Ototoxicity
Toxicity to the ears, often drug induced and manifesting in varying degrees of hearing loss that is more likely to be permanent than nephrotoxicity.
Post antibiotic effect (PAE)
A period of continued bacterial suppression that occurs after brief exposure to certain antibiotic drug classes, especially aminoglycosides and carbapenems
Pseudomembranous colitis
A necrotizing, inflammatory bowel condition that is often associated with antibiotic with antibiotic therapy. AKA antibiotic-associated colitis
Synergistic effect
In the context of antibiotics, refers to a stronger bacterial kill with two antibiotics given together than with either given alone
Therapeutic drug monitoring
Ongoing monitoring of plasma drug concentrations and dosage adjustment based on these values as well as on other lab indicators such as kidney and liver function tests.
Time-dependent killing
A property of most antibiotic classes, in contrast to concentration-dependent killing), in which prolonged high plasma drug concentrations are required for effective bacterial kill.
