Chapter 38-Antibiotics part 1: Sulphonamides, Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Macrolides, and Tetracylines

Question 1

Antibiotic

Answer 1

Having or pertaining to the ability to destroy or interfere with the development of a living organism. The term used most commonly to refer to antibacterial drugs

Question 2

Bactericidal antibiotic

Answer 2

Antibiotic that kills bacteria.

Question 3

Bacteriostatic antibiotic

Answer 3

Antibiotic that does not actually kill bacteria but rather inhibits their growth.

Question 4

B-Lactam

Answer 4

Name for a broad, major class of antibiotics that includes four subclasses: penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams

Question 5

B-Lactamase

Answer 5

Any of a group of enzymes produced by bacteria that catalyze the chemical opening of the crucial B-Lactam ring structures in B-Lactam antibiotics

Question 6

B-Lactamase inhibitors

Answer 6

Drugs combined with certain penicillin drugs to block the effects of B-Lactamase enzymes

Question 7

Empirical antibiotic therapy

Answer 7

Administration of antibiotics based on the practitioner’s judgement of the pathogens most likely to be causing an apparent infection; it involves the presumptive treatment of an infection to avoid treatment delay, before specific culture information has been obtained.

Question 8

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

Answer 8

An inherited disorder in which the RBC are partially or completely deficient in G6PD, a critical enzyme in the metabolism of glucose.

Question 9

Host Factors

Answer 9

Factors that are unique to the body of a particular patient that affect the patients susceptibility to infection and response to antibiotic drugs

Question 10

Infection

Answer 10

The invasion and multiplication of MO in body tissues

Question 11

MO

Answer 11

Microscopic living organisms aka microbes

Question 12

Prophylatic antibiotic therapy

Answer 12

Antibiotics taken before anticipated exposure to an infectious organism in an effort to delay the development of infection

Question 13

Slow acetylator

Answer 13

A common genetic host factor in which the rate of metabolism of certain drugs is reduced.

Question 14

Subtherapeutic

Answer 14

Referring to antibiotic treatment that is ineffective in treating a given infection. Possible causes include inappropriate drug therapy, insufficient drug dosing, or bacterial drug resistance

Question 15

Superinfection

Answer 15

1) An infection occurring during antimicrobial treatment for another infection, resulting from overgrowth of an organism not susceptible to the antibiotics used. 2) A secondary microbial infection that occurs in addition to an earlier primary infection, often because of weakening of the PT’s immune system function by the first infection

Question 16

Teratogens

Answer 16

Substances that can interfere with normal prenatal development and cause one or more developmental abnormalities in the fetus.

Question 17

Therapeutic

Answer 17

Referring to antibiotic therapy that results in sufficient concentrations of the drug in the blood or other tissues to render it effective against specific bacterial pathogens.