Chapter 36- Antihistamines, Decongestants, Antitussives, and Expectorants Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergics (sympathomimetics)

A

Drugs that stimulate the sympathetic nerve fibres of the autonomic nervous system that use epinephrine or epinephrine-like substances as neurotransmitters

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2
Q

Anticholinergics (parasympatholytics)

A

Drugs that block the action of acetylcholine and similar substances at acetylcholine receptors, resulting in the inhibition of the transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses.

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3
Q

Antigens

A

Substances that, upon entering the body, can induce specific products of this response, such as antibodies and specifically sensitized T lymphocytes

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4
Q

Antihistamines

A

Substances capable of reducing the physiological and pharmacological effects of histamine, including a wide variety of drugs that block histamine receptors.

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5
Q

Antitussive

A

A drug that reduces coughing, often by inhibiting neural activity in the cough centre of the central nervous system

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6
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, either in natural or synthetic form

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7
Q

Decongestants

A

Drugs that reduce congestion or swelling, especially of the upper or lower respiratory tract

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8
Q

Empiricial therapy

A

A method of treating disease on the basis of observations and experience, without an understanding of the precise cause of or mechanism responsible for the disorder or the way in which the therapeutic drug or procedure produces improvement or cure.

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9
Q

Expectorants

A

Drugs that increase the flow of fluid in the respiratory tract, usually by reducing the viscosity of bronchial and tracheal secretions and facilitating their removal by the cough reflex and ciliary action

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10
Q

Histamine antagonists

A

Drugs that compete with histamine for binding sites on histamine receptors

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11
Q

Influenza

A

A highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract caused by a myxovirus and transmitted by airborne droplets.

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12
Q

Nonsedating antihistamines

A

Newer medications that work peripherally to block the actions of histamine and therefore do not have the CNS effects of many of the older antihistamines; also called second-generation antihistamines or peripherally acting antihistamines

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13
Q

Reflex stimulation

A

An irritation of the respiratory tract occurring in response to an irritation of the gastrointestinal tract

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14
Q

Rhinovirus

A

Any of approximately 100 serologically distinct ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that cause approximately 40% of acute respiratory illnesses

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15
Q

Sympathomimetic drugs

A

A class of drugs whose effects mimic those resulting from the stimulation of organs and structures by the sympathetic nervous system

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16
Q

Upper respiratory tract infection (URI)

A

Any infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract, including the common cold, laryngitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, and tonsillitis.