Chapter 4 Quiz Flashcards
Fill in the Blank: In the “soups vs. sparks” debate on how neurons communicate, the correct interpretation is the ____________ approach since neurons are known to release chemicals into the synapses.
soups
Fill in the Blank: Substances entering the body from outside are called ________________ substances. These often have the ability to mimic the action of neurotransmitters.
exogenous
Fill in the Blank: Neurons that originate in the substantia nigra, pass along the mesostriatal pathway, and terminate in the basal ganglia produce the neurotransmitter _______________________. Damage to these neurons produce profound movement problems.
dopamine
True/False: Ionotropic receptors open when the transmitter molecule binds with the site.
True
The locus coeruleus produces the neurotransmitter ____________________, which participates in the control of behaviors like alertness, mood, and sexual behavior.
Norepinephrine
The dopamine neural pathway called the mesolimbocortical pathway from the ___________ to the nucleus accumbens appears to be involved in the experience of reward.
ventral tegmental area
Substances that mimic or potentiate the actions of a transmitter are called:
agonists
True/False: Neurons sometimes use gas molecules to communicate information. Gasses like nitric oxide and carbon monoxide can function as retrograde transmitters.
True
True/False: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by making a neuron produce more of the neurotransmitter.
False
True/False: Individuals who have had damage to their insula find that their addictive cravings increase.
False
Amphetamines and methamphetamines act by causing a __________________ release of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine as well as blocking their clearance from the synapse.
larger-than-normal
True or False: 3 out of 6 medical interventions for substance abuse are: Lessen the discomfort of withdrawal and drug craving, provide an alternative to the addictive drug, and block the brain’s reward circuitry.
True
True or False: This is one option for medical interventions for substance abuse that was mentioned as one of the 6 options: Refer the addict to a recovery program
False
________ is the main inhibitory transmitter in the mammalian nervous system.
GABA
The most common excitatory transmitter is _____________
glutamate
Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter involved in learning, __________, and muscle contraction
memory
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter produced in the Raphe nuclei that is involved in behaviors like ______, vision, and sexual behavior.
mood
Dopamine is the neurotransmitter involved in both movement (mesostriatal pathway) and _________ (mesolimbic pathway)
reward
Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that ___________________ organ activity
accelerates
