Ch.1 Study Guide Flashcards
Neuroscience is the study of the _________ system and is divided into many subdisciplines because the topic is so vast.
Nervous
Biological neuroscience is a field that relates ___________ to bodily processes; studies the ____________ bases of psychological processes & behavior
behavior, biological
Other synonyms for behavioral neuroscience are: biological psychology, brain & behavior & physiological p______________
psychology
Phrenology is the false belief that specific ___________, feelings, and personality traits were controlled by corresponding specific regions of the _________
behaviors; brain
Localization of function is the false belief that different ________ regions specialize in specific behaviors
brain
Neuroplasticity is the ability of the nervous system to change- in response to experience or the _____________
environment
Neurons are the central building blocks of the ____________ system; it is the information _______________ units of the brain the does the sending, receiving and transmitting Electro signal throughout the body
nervous, processing
Dualism is the belief that the mind is separate from the __________ & _________. This was promoted by Rene Descrates
brain, body
Evolutionary psychology is the field of study devoted to asking how natural ___________ has shaped ___________ in humans and other animals
selection, behavior
Epigenetics focuses on factors that have a lasting effect on __________ of gene expression without changing the structure of the genes themselves
patterns
Neuroeconomics is the study of the ________ mechanisms at work during economic decision making (it aims to identify brain regions that are especially active when decisions are being made
brain
Consciousness is awareness of one’s own emotions, intentions, thoughts and ______________, sensations and ________________
movements, experiences
What did the ancient Egyptians do with the brains of people being embalmed?
discarded the brain with special tools
What did the ancient world feel was the most important organ?
heart
According to William James’s book “Principles of Psychology” consciousness and other aspects of human behavior were seen as properties of the ______________ system
nervous
What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
Independent variable is the ________ that is manipulate by an experimenter,
but the dependent variable is the factor the experimenter uses to monitor a change in response to changes in an independent variable
factor
Somatic intervention is an approach to finding relations between body variables & _____________ variables that involves manipulating body structure or function & looking for resultant changes in behavior
behavioral
In a somatic intervention we alter a __________ or function of the brain or body to see how this alteration changes behavior
structure
Behavioral intervention is when the experience affects the ____
body
Correlation is the measure of how closely changes in one __________ are associated with changes in another variable
variable
Correlations cannot be used to establish _________________
what variable caused the other variable to change
Reductionism a strategy of breaking a system down into increasingly smaller parts in order to ______________ it
understand
Levels of analysis is the scope of an experimental approach. A scientist may try to _____________ behavior by monitoring molecules, nerve cells, brain regions or using some combo of these level of analysis
understand
