Ch.5 Study Guide Flashcards
Sensory _________________ is when a signal converted from an environmental stimuli in to action potential that our brain can understand.
transduction
Labeled Lines are particular neurons that are right from the outset, labeled for distinctive ____________ experiences
sensory
Tonic receptors show little or no adaptation and thus can ________ the duration of a stimulus
signal
Pain sensors are often tonic __________, maintaining a high level of activity to help avoid further injury
receptors
Phasic receptors are sensory receptors that respond quickly to a ___________, but activity quickly decreases or “adapts” as stimulus is maintained
stimulus
The somatosensory cortex is located in the postcentral ______ in each hemisphere
gyrus
_________neurons are brain cells that fire as as a person performs an action and when they observe the same action being performed by someone else
Mirror
Mirror neurons are located in the __________ cortex and in other cortical location
premotor
Nociceptors are chemicals that _________ nearby pain receptors that are released by affected cells from an injured tissue
activate
Capsaicin is a chemical that makes chili peppers spicy hot and is known to help _______ the receptor that signals sudden increases in temperature
reveal
The cerebellum an basal ganglia via the thalamus- modulate the activities of other parts of the control ____________.
system
The role of the cerebellum- helps establish & fine-tune _______ programs for skilled movements, especially the kinds of rapid, repeated movements that become automatic.
neural
Some people appear to be born without a cerebellum, yet develop normal motor skills, presumably because of the great plasticity of the brain during development.
Anterolateral/Spinothalamic __________- nerve fibers carrying info about pain & temp send their axons to enter the dorsal horns of the spinal cord, where they synapse onto spinal neurons that project across the midline to the opposite side & then up toward the thalamus of the brain. (Transmits pain & temp & crude touch sensation from body to brain)
System
Ataxia- loss of coordination & balance
Ataxia may result from cerebellar damage (damage in the _______________)
cerebellum
Decomposition of _____________- gestures are broken up into individual segments instead of being executed smoothly (can be caused by cerebellum damage/injury)
movement
Plegia- Paralysis (can be a result from strokes or other injuries in motor areas of the cortex)
Paresis- ______________ of voluntary movements, usually on the contralateral side of the body
weakness
