Chapter 4 Pt. 4 Flashcards
Sexual assult typically involves how many offenders and victims?
1 offender and 1 victim
What time of day does sexual assault usually occur?
night
Where do most sexual assaults happen?
in or near the victim’s home
True or False: most sexual assaults invvoled a weapon
True
True or False: most victims knew their offender
True
True or False: Most victims did something to defend themselves
True
Victims of ___________ sexual assault offenses were more likely to be reported
attemtped
Sexual assaults by __________ were more likely to be reported
strangers
______ victims more likely to report
older victims
For a long time the criminal justice system has used _____-_____ _____________ as the primary punsihment for sexual offenders
long-term incarceration
True or False: prevention and intervention have been great solutions to increase public safety or reduce the likelihood of sex offenses in American society
False; prevention and intervention has done very little to increase public safety
__________- the threat of certain, severe, and swift punishment is expected to have distinct effeccts on criminal behavior
deterrence
What is the difference between general and specific deterrence?
General deterrence- the use of criminal punishments to deter other people
Specific deterrence- this effect of punishment on deterring individuals from committing future crimes
There’s no definitive evidence that the threat of punishment deters sex offender. What are the reasons for this?
1) the most important component for deterrence to work is the certainty of punishment
2) the certainty of punishment for sex offending is extremely low
Why is the certainty of punishment for sex offending is extremely low?
1) only a small fraction of all sex offenses are known to the police
2) only about 1/2 of the small number of known offenses are clearly an arrest
What are the major problems with laws in enhancing public safety?
1) most sex offenders are not recidivist or specialists
2) most sex offenders victimize people that they know
3) same sex offenders go outside of their “zone”
4) wide disparities in notification level assigned to offenders with similar sexual histories and backgrounds
_________ ____________, is produced through the taking of drugs like depoprovera that induces sexual impotence and reduces the production of testosterone
chemical castration
Why is the basis for chemical castration flawed?
1) sex offenders are given chemical castration on a voluntary basis
2) assumes that sex offending is a sex crime that’s easily remedied by cutting off one’s sex organs or immoblizing them chemically
Reductions in the likelihood of sex offending can occur by __________ one’s exposure to dangerous situations and _________ one’s social/physical guardianship through various types of situational/crime prevention activities
decreasing
increasing
Reductions in the likelihood of sex offending can occur by decreasing one’s ________ __ _________ _________ and increasing one’s ______/________ ___________ through various types of ___________/______ ___________ _________
exposure to dangerous situations
social/physical guardianship
situational/crime prevention activities
List crime prevention strategies when it comes to sexual offenders?
1) improving the visibility and surveilability of public places at night
2) self-defense training
3) “buddy systems”
List rape prevention activities.
1) if you live along use a fake name on mailbox
2) never open the door automatically
3) always look car doors
4) be aware of your surroundings
“Clinical” treatments for sex offenders; went from aversion therapy -> _________-_________ ________
cognitive-behavior therapy
