Chapter 2 (pg. 28-33)

Question 1

What is the difference between the theories of criminality or theories of crime?

Answer 1

theories of criminality- involve the study of criminal career and particular geographical areas

theories of crime- explain discrete crime events and the particular precursors and facilitators of the opportunity to commit these acts

Question 2

What is the difference between physiognomists and phrenologists?

Answer 2

physiognomists- claimed that much could be learned about one’s risks of being a criminal by simply eamining their facial features because “faces don’t lie”

phrenologists- began to look for the causes of criminal behavior by exploring the physical configuarion of the skull

Question 3

True or False: Phrenologists were esentially correct that particular locations of the brain are associated with basic functions

Answer 3

True

Question 4

_____-_____ ________ established the basic idea that one’s biological structure determined our behavior

Answer 4

body-type theorists

Question 5

atavist= ______

“born criminal”= _________

Answer 5

Darwin

Lombroso

Question 6

Which body type is associated with criminality?

Answer 6

mesomorphic (muscular)

Question 7

Which body types are not associated with criminality?

Answer 7

endomorphic (soft, round)

ectomorphic (lean, fragile, small)

Question 8

Unknown if certain body types are a certain way or if it is a _____-_________ __________

Answer 8

self-fullfilling prophecy

Question 9

both __________ and _________ are basic neurotransmitters of electrical impulses within the brain that are associated with info processing and antisocial behavior

Answer 9

dopamine

serotonin

Question 10

True or False: The extra Y chromosome and PMS have been proved to cause particular criminal acts or criminaltiy.

Answer 10

False; has not been proven

Question 11

Is testosterone the cause or consequence of aggression?

Answer 11

both

Question 12

What is the primary value of new research paradigm?

Answer 12

1) increased understading of neurophysiology and other aspects of human infor processing
2) provided the analytic means to identify the relative magnitude of the genetic inheritablity of particular traits
3) led to a more complete specification of the various causal paths that link biological processes to differences in social behavior

Question 13

What are other biological factors affect criminality?

Answer 13

1) diet
2) vitamin/mineral deficincies
3) allergies
4) environmental factors

Question 14

Is this dopamine, serotonin, or testosterone:

triggers emotional responses that affect our fight or fligth

Answer 14

dopamine

Question 15

Is this dopamine, serotonin, or testosterone:

sensation seeeking behavior

Answer 15

dopamine

Question 16

Is this dopamine, serotonin, or testosterone:

avoidance of something unpleasant

Answer 16

dopamine

Question 17

Is this dopamine, serotonin, or testosterone:

the ability to experience pleasure and pain

Answer 17

dopamine

Question 18

Is this dopamine, serotonin, or testosterone:

temperature regulation

Answer 18

serotonin

Question 19

Is this dopamine, serotonin, or testosterone:

sensory perceptions

Answer 19

serotonin

Question 20

Is this dopamine, serotonin, or testosterone:

mood control

Answer 20

serotonin

Question 21

Is this dopamine, serotonin, or testosterone:

biochemical risk factor for aggression

Answer 21

testosterone

Question 22

Is this dopamine, serotonin, or testosterone:

lel peak in midteens and then decline in life

Answer 22

testosterone