Chapter 2 (pg. 33-63) pt. 1 Flashcards
What are the differnt types of mental disorders?
1) psychosis
2) neurosis
Is this psychosis or neurosis:
more severe
psychosis
Is this psychosis or neurosis:
severe break with reality
psychosis
True or False: People with psychosis are a greater risk to others
False; People with psychosis are a greater risk to themselves
True or False: Most people with psychosis are violent
False; Most people with psychosis are non-violent
Is this psychosis or neurosis:
only about 1% of homicide offenders in the U.S.
psychosis
Is this psychosis or neurosis:
relatively rare
psychosis
Is this psychosis or neurosis:
less serious
neurosis
Is this psychosis or neurosis:
minor forms f a personality disorder
neurosis
Is this psychosis or neurosis:
4-6% of the inmate population
neurosis
What are the symptoms of psychosis?
1) delusions
2) hallucinations
3) disorganized speech
4) catatomic state
5) engaging in grossly disorganized behavior
Neurosis includes persons with?
1) compulsive and obsersive behaviors
2) anxiety disorders and other acute stresses
3) substance-abuse disorders
What are the two main types of psychological theories?
1) psychoanalytic theory
2) learning theory
Psychoanalytic theory was based on the ideas of _________ _______
Sigmund Freud
According to psychoanalytic theory, human personality consists of ___, ____, and ________
id, ego, and superego
What is the difference between Id, and Ego?
Id- the unconscious reservoir of irrational, anti-social, and instinctual impulses
Ego- compromiser; mediates between Id and Superego
What is the difference between Ego and Superego?
Ego- compromiser; mediates between Id and Superego
Superego- self-criticism and moral/ethical prohibitions
What is the difference between Id and Superego?
Id- the unconscious reservoir of irrational, anti-social, and instinctual impulses
Superego- self-criticism and moral/ethical prohibitions
Conflicts between Id, Ego, and Superego cause _______ ________
psychic conflict
Under psychoanalytic theory, what are the primary causes of crime?
1) negative childhood experiences
2) abnormal maturation and fixation at a stage of emotional development
3) repressed sexuality or guilt
An abused child that grows up to be violent or an abusive adult is an example of the “______ ___ ________”
“cycle of violence”
Psychoanalytic theory solutions include techniques like ______ ________ and exercises in “_____ __________”
dream therapy
“free association”
Under Learning Theories what are the 3 distinct forms of learning?
1) classical conditioning
2) operant conditioning
3) social learning theory
Which type of learning is this:
a particular response can be conditioned when it’s paried with an otherwise neutral stimulus
classical conditioning
Pavlov’s dog experiment is what type of learning?
classical conditioning
A drug addict craving heightened by seeing drug paraphernalia is what type of learning?
classical conditioning
Which type of learning is this:
organisms learn to act upon their environment by assorting rewards and punishments with their own behavior
operant conditioning
Which type of learning is this:
attributes persistent criminal behavior to rewards and reinforcements they get from deviant behavior
operant conditioning
Which type of learning is this:
Albert Bandura
social learning theory
Which type of learning is this:
operant conditioning + cognitive psychology
social learning theory
Which type of learning is this:
rewards/punishments + various observation of other people’s behavioral consequences
social learning theory
Which type of learning is this:
interpretation, scripting, and modeling of human behavior
social learning theory
Behavioral modeling consists of:
1)
2)
3)
1) familial influences (major models)
2) particular socio-economic environment
3) symbolic models
What traits are linked to criminology?
1) impulsivity
2) high sensation seeking
3) high psychoticism
4) learning disabilities
5) attention deficiency and hyperactivitiy (ADH)
6) low empathy
7) negative affectivity
8) low delayed gratification
___________ ____________ are people who are viewed as aggressive, dangerous, and anti-social individuals who act in a callous manner and exhibit several basic personaltiy characteristics
criminal psychopaths
“__________ ____________” advanced by Stanton Samenow and Samuel Yochelson
“criminal personality”
“Criminal personality” consists of individual with what type of traits?
1) aggressive
2) “blood thristy”
3) angry
4) thrill-seekers
5) don’t trust anyone
True or False: There is no definitive evidence that “criminal personality” exists
True
What are the strenghts of psychological theories?
1) helps develop “risk factors” for crime
2) most useful as explanations of the behavior of deeply disturbed, impulsive, and destructive people
What are the limitations of psychological theories?
1) not the typical situation in which criminal acts occur
2) unable to explain or account for the epidemiology of crime
3) tests are often not very predictive of one’s future criminal behavior
4) not good at explaining “persisters” and “desisters”
“_________” are those who continue to commit crime through their adult years
“persisters”
True or False: most people are “desisters”
True
