Chapter 4: Proteins Flashcards
Describe the types and functions of protein.
Proteins can be differentiated from other macronutrients by the incorporation of which chemical element?
Nitrogen
Which statements describe a dispensable amino acid?
-It does not need to be consumed daily
-It is made from other amino acids in the body
Which proteins are responsible for transporting substances throughout the body?
-Transferrin
-Hemoglobin
-Lipoproteins
Which structure connects two amino acids?
Peptide bond
Which type of protein would be responsible for preventing infection?
Immunoglobulins
Which statement explains how proteins help to maintain a normal pH in the body?
They use their acidic and basic properties to act as a buffer
Which food sources may be included in a lactovegetarian diet?
-Soy
-Yogurt
-Peanuts
Which foods are considered incomplete protein sources?
-Beans
-Peanuts
-Brown rice
-Sesame seeds
Which statement is true regarding plant-based proteins?
Most are incomplete proteins
Which animal-based food is a good source of all three macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and fats)?
Nonfat milk
Which food choices are considered complete animal-based proteins?
-Pork
-Turkey
-Chicken
Which animal-based source of protein has the highest fat content?
Lean ground beef
Where does absorption of amino acids occur?
Small intestine
What is the function of the dipeptidases?
Hydrolysis of dipeptides into single amino acids
Which statements are true regarding amino acids in the body?
- Amino acids are used for tissue repair and synthesis
- Amino acids are used to create new plasma proteins
- Amino acids are deaminated and available to be stored as fat
A patient in the hospital with septic shock is at risk for which condition?
Negative nitrogen balance
Negative nitrogen balance occurs when protein breakdown is occurring more quickly than protein intake
Which process would facilitate healing in a person with a laceration of the hand?
Anabolism
Protein anabolism occurs when tissues are injured and need repair. Amino acids are used to resynthesize protein necessary to repair tissues
Which person would most likely be in a state of nitrogen balance?
A person who consumed 81 grams of protein and excreted 13 grams of nitrogen per day
According to the Recommended Dietary Allowance for protein, a person weighing 165 pounds should consume __ grams of protein per day.
60
A person should consume 0.8 grams of protein per kg of body weight. A weight of 165 pounds would convert to 75 kg. To determine appropriate protein intake, multiply 0.8 grams X 75 = 60 grams of protein per day
According to the Daily Reference Intake (DRI) for protein, a person consuming 2100 kcal per day should consume __ - __ grams of protein per day.
30105
The Daily Reference Intake (DRI) suggests that 10%-35% of a person’s total daily caloric intake come from protein. A person consuming 2100 kcal per day would need 210-735 kcal from protein. As 1 gram of protein provides 4 kcal, this would equate to 53-184 grams of protein
Which is true of aminopeptidases?
Their action results in free amino acids
Which protein comes from an animal source?
Milk
Which protein is a vital oxygen carrier in the red blood cells?
Hemoglobin
Which term refers to the 5 amino acids that the body can synthesize if the necessary building blocks and enzymes are available versus other amino acids?
Dispensable
Which group has the highest risk for malnutrition?
Children
Which plant source of protein is the only complete protein that contains all of the indispensable amino acids?
Soy
In which location does the initial breakdown of protein in to amino acids begin?
Mouth
Where are amino acids absorbed?
Portal circulation (from the small intestine)
Which vegetarian diet restricts the consumption of any item originating from or containing animal products?
Vegan
What statement made by the nurse demonstrates understanding of the role of renin in the absorption of protein?
“Renin and calcium prevent rapid absorption of milk in an infant.”
Which enzyme that is involved in the digestion of protein in the small intestine is responsible for attacking the acid end of the protein?
Carboxypeptidase
Which chemical is responsible for unfolding and denaturing complex protein chains?
Hydrochloric acid
Which combination of foods will the nurse recommend to a vegan patient for a healthy protein balance?
Grains and legumes
A nurse is planning a high-protein meal for a lacto-vegetarian patient. What selection is most appropriate for this patient?
Yogurt
Which food contains the most protein in a cooked 3oz serving?
Lean top round beef
What type of food is a complete protein and should be included while planning a patient’s diet?
Fish
Which characteristic determines the classification of a protein?
Amino acid content
Which is the final enzyme in the protein-splitting system, and where is it produced?
Dipeptidase produced in the small intestine
When breaking down protein, which process does the body use to maintain nitrogen balance?
Deamination
Which factor determines the function of proteins?
Structure of the protein
How does protein help maintain pH balance?
Acts as a buffering agent
By which process does protein control water balance in the body?
Osmotic pressure
Which plant source of protein is the only complete protein that contains all of the indispensable amino acids?
Soy
Where are amino acids absorbed?
