Chapter 2: Carbohydrates Flashcards
Describe the functions and sources of carbohydrates.
Which saccharide is classified as a disaccharide?
-Maltose
-Sucrose
-Lactose
Which common sugar found outside of plants promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus?
Lactose
Lactose, or milk sugar, is classified as which type of carbohydrate?
Disaccharide
Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?
Mouth
Which class of carbohydrates is considered the building blocks of all carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
Which statement about saliva is accurate?
Saliva contains amylase, and enzyme that begins the process of digesting starches
Which statement about the classification of carbohydrates ad their importance in nutrition is correct?
Glucose, fructose, and galactose, are all monosaccharides, which are important to human nutrition
Which statement concerning dietary fiber provides the best foundation for consumption of dietary fiber to help address constipation?
Dietary fiber adds bulk to fecal matter, stimulating muscle action in the intestine
Which statement best describes the relationship between dietary fiber and glucose levels?
Eating dietary fibers may help slow the absorption of glucose by my body
Which carbohydrate most efficiently adds important bulk to the diet?
Cellulose
Which foods meet high fiber needs by supplying at least 4 g of fiber per serving?
-Kidney beans
-Oatmeal
-Shredded wheat
-Spaghetti
What is the dietary reference intake (DRI) per day for carbohydrates for adults?
225-325 g
Which food choice provides complex carbohydrates?
Beans
Which statement best describes the only real nutrient function of carbohydrates?
The only real nutrient function of carbohydrates is the supply of energy
The body can digest and metabolize carbohydrates to produce which substance for energy?
Glucose
The parotid glands secrete an enzyme that acts on starch to begin its breakdown into dextrin and disaccharides. What is this enzyme called?
Ptyalin (also known as salivary amylase)
Which term represents the actual breakdown of substances resulting from the production and/or storage of gastric and digestive secretions?
Chemical digestion
Which statement describes possible outcomes of insufficient dietary carbohydrate intake?
-Fat is broken down to use for energy, resulting in the production of ketones.
-The required minute-to-minute supply of glucose for the brain may not be available.
-Protein is sacrificed to supply energy, which affects tissue growth and maintenance.
Which statement accurately describes carbohydrates and their classifications?
-Carbohydrates are composed of 3 elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
-The term “saccharide” is derived from the Latin word “saccharum” meaning sugar.
-Carbohydrates are classified according to the number of saccharide units in each structure.
-Polysaccharides are large, complex compounds made up of many saccharide units in long chains.
Which food is a preferred energy source of body cells?
-Rice
-Pasta
-White bread
Which characteristic is associated with non-nutritive sweeteners?
No caloric value
Which type of fiber is insoluble and helps the digestive system hold water?
-Lignin
-Cellulose
-Hemicellulose
Which statement represents the classifications of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides and disaccharides are simple carbohydrates, whereas polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates
Which statement outlines the functions of carbohydrates?
Provide energy, spare proteins, and provide dietary fiber
What is the difference between blood glucose and glycogen?
Blood glucose is the carbohydrate circulating in the body, and glycogen is the carbohydrate stored in the body
Which statement best describes blood glucose?
Blood glucose is the same monosaccharide as the glucose found in food sources
Which statements explain the functions of fiber in overall health?
-Slows down digestion to increase satiety
-Increases fecal bulk to ease bowel movements
-Slows down the release of glucose into the blood
-Binds bile acids in the gut to reduce circulating cholesterol
What is the purpose of glycogen?
Glycogen is stored in the skeletal muscles and liver for quick release to help the body maintain blood glucose levels
Which foods are good sources of dietary fiber?
-Bran cereal
-Honey oat bread
-Flaxseed crackers
Which foods provide a good source of complex carbohydrates?
-Baked potato
-Vegetable barley soup
-Whole wheat pita bread
-Broccoli and wild rice casserole
Why is it important to mechanically digest food?
If foods are not physically broken into smaller particles, chemical digestion and absorption will take longer
What parts of the body are involved in mechanical digestion?
-Teeth
-Tongue
-Stomach
-Esophagus
Which statement best describes what happens to carbohydrates in the stomach?
Hydrochloric acid inhibits salivary amylase to prevent further chemical digestion
What happens to carbohydrates in the large intestine?
Undigested fiber supports gut bacteria and aids in elimination of waste
Which statement regarding disaccharidases is correct?
Maltase breaks a disaccharide bond that yields two molecules of glucose
Which action is a voluntary process of mechanical digestion?
Mastication
What process of chemical digestion occurs in the mouth?
The parotid glands secrete salivary amylase
Which action occurs during chemical digestion in the small intestine?
Enzymes secreted from the pancreas and microvilli break bonds that link saccharides to allow for absorption
The pancreas secretes pancreatic amylase, and the microvilli in the small intestine secrete disaccharidases, which break the bonds between the disaccharides and separate them in preparation for absorption.
