Chapter 11: Nutrition During Infancy, Childhood, and Adolesence Flashcards
Discuss the impact of nutrition on growth and development of infants.
What is the Ballard scale used to determine?
Size for gestational age
When is the last day gestational age can be determined for neonates over the age of 26 weeks?
4 days of birth
Which infant would require vitamin D liquid drops?
A 6-month-old infant being breastfed
A new mother is still deciding whether to breastfeed her baby. Which information should the health care provider give the mother to promote breastfeeding?
-Colostrum provides immunoglobulins
-Breast milk changes over time to meet the infant’s needs
Which food choice made by the mother of a 10-month-old infant indicates a need for further teaching?
Honey
Which foods may lead to infant choking?
-Grapes
-Cherries
The parents bring their 6-month-old infant in for a check-up. The infant’s weight at birth was 7 pounds, 5 ounces. Which finding indicates normal growth?
14 pounds, 8 ounces
The parents of a 5-month-old infant have given their infant 400 mL of water so far today. How much more water should the parents provide the infant for the day to meet the minimal water needs? __ mL
300 mL
Which foods should be avoided in the infant due to potential allergies?
-Chocolate
-Wheat crackers
-Scrambled egg whites
Which information should a health care provider give to the parents about nutrition for their 2-year-old child?
-Food intake decreases for toddlers
-Children at this age are very picky eaters
A nutrition student is discussing developmental stages with a group of mothers. In which age group would the child master self-feeding?
Toddlers
A child tells the parent he or she wants to eat what playmates are eating. In which developmental age group does this child fall?
Preschool-aged child
The parents of a 2-year-old verbalize frustration at trying to get their child to eat because the child will not sit still at meals. Which suggestion should the health care personnel provide the parents?
Offer finger foods the child can carry
According to MyPlate.gov, __ % of a child’s plate should be vegetables.
30
Which foods can the parent include as a source of protein?
-Milk
-Hamburger
-Peanut butter
-Chicken breast
Which measures would help decrease the risk of obesity in children?
-Limit fast food and junk food
-Use parents as food role models
-Provide snacks high in vitamins
-Offer age-appropriate food portions
The parents of a 12-year-old child with obesity are worried about their child’s health condition. Which complications can occur as a result of childhood obesity?
-Hypertension
-Hyperlipidemia
-Type 2 diabetes
The parents of a 6-year-old child have difficulty preparing nutritious meals at home due to finances. Which measure would be beneficial for this family?
Give information about school breakfast and lunch programs
Which statements correctly describe the MyPlate.gov nutritional plan for children?
-Fruits make up 20% of the child’s daily intake
-Children should include 60 minutes of exercise every day
-Whole grain products should make up half of the grain servings
The parents of a 4-year-old child report living in a 100-year-old house. Which condition should be tested in the child?
Lead poisoning
Which factors contribute to a 4-year-old child’s diagnosis of failure to thrive?
-Poor intestinal absorption of nutrients
-Mixing too much water with the formula
-Lack of parental eye contact with the child
Which statement made by an adolescent female is accurate regarding calcium intake?
“I should have the same amount of calcium as boys in my class.”
Which actions can parents take to prevent poor food choices among adolescents?
-Keep fresh fruits and vegetables on hand
-Include the adolescent when grocery shopping
-Arrange family schedules to eat together at the same time
Which manifestations would a person with anorexia nervosa display?
-Constipation
-Amenorrhea
-Cold intolerance
Which drugs are effective in the treatment of eating disorders?
-Fluoxetine
-Tranylcypromine
What is the rationale for adolescents increasing their caloric intake?
To supply nutrition for extra growth needs
Which nutritional component can lead to osteoporosis later in life if not taken in sufficient amounts during puberty?
Calcium
Which meal plan indicates healthy nutritional choices?
Chicken breast with rice, green beans, applesauce, and skim milk
Which finding is associated with bulimia nervosa?
Using over-the-counter laxatives every day
Which food or food practices can prevent adolescents from healthy eating?
-Fast food
-Junk food
-Skipping lunch
-Irregular meal times
Which finding would lead the health care provider to suspect bulimia nervosa vs. anorexia nervosa?
Dental erosions
Which is most accurate regarding an infant’s expected rate of growth in the first year of life?
Triples birth weight and increases in length by 50%
Which diet in adolescents helps achieve higher peak bone mass and linear growth?
Balanced diet rich in calcium-containing dairy products
Which is a common risk for a toddler who consumes an excess amount of cow’s milk in place of meals and snacks?
Iron-deficiency anemia
Adolescents have an increased need for calcium to develop bone mass. Which calcium requirement from the nurse include in an adolescents plan of care?
1300 mg/day
Which change in a toddler most requires an adequate dietary supply of protein, minerals, and vitamins?
Muscle development
What role do carbohydrates play in the energy and growth of a child?
Preferred energy source
What does the Food and Nutrition Board recommend to prevent constipation in toddlers (1-3 year old)?
19 g of fiber per day
At approximately what age are infants ready for the introduction of solid foods?
6 months old
Which type of nutrition is most beneficial to the newborn?
Breast milk
Which statement by the nurse is the most accurate regarding the interpretation of the growth chart measurements for an infant girl?
“The percentile will help us follow the infant’s physical growth rate compared with that of other infant girls of her weight and length.”
Which growth chart is recommended for plotting height, weight, and head circumference measurements on an infant boy?
WHO growth chart for boys
Which skill is negatively altered by lead poisoning in children?
Cognitive and motor skills
Which eating behavior is common in children ages 3-5 years?
Food jags
Brief sprees or binges eating one particular food
At which age does the infant change from a suckling pattern to a mature and stronger suck with liquids and begin a munching pattern?
4-6 months
Which key growth period shows a rise in the levels of growth hormones and sex hormones?
Adolescence
A nurse provides nutrition and growth information to parents at their 6 year old child’s well visit. Which description matches this child’s nutrition pattern and growth based on the age?
Slow and irregular physical growth is typical
A nurse teaches a new mother how to safely and properly feed her infant. Which teaching point would the nurse make about safely feeding the infant formula?
Allow milk to fill the nipple while feeding
Which nutrient is the preferred source of energy for the body during a child’s growth spurt?
Carbohydrates
A nurse discusses growth patterns of infants and children with a new mother. During which two stages is growth the greatest?
The first 6 months of life and the onset of puberty
Why do infants require more water per unit of body weight than do adults?
-Infants have a higher metabolic weight
-Infants have a larger proportional body surface
-A greater percentage of infant’s total body weight is composed of water
-Infants are more susceptible to volume depletion
