Chapter 3: Fats Flashcards
Describe the types and functions of lipids.
Match the category of fatty acid to its example.
Palmitic acid
Oleic acid
Linoleic acid
-Palmitic acid: saturated fatty acid
-Oleic acid: monosaturated fatty acid
-Linoleic acid: essential fatty acid
The omega end of an unsaturated fatty acid refers to which location?
The methyl group on the chain
Which characteristics are commonly used to classify fatty acids?
-Saturation
-Essentiality
-Consistency
-Chain length
Which lipid-based compound is essential for cell membrane formation?
Phospholipid
A patient reports feeling full after eating a high-fat meal. What is the physiological reason for this response?
-Hormone secretion
-Reduced intestinal movement
A health care provider is educating a group of people in the community about the importance of including lipids in the diet. What information should the health care provider include in the discussion?
-Fats assist in regulating body temperature
-Lipids are needed for maintaining brain function
-Fats are precursors to hormones and bile production
-Fats are an important component of cell membrane composition
A patient who suffers from severe fat malabsorption may have difficulty with which component of lipid function?
-Lipoprotein metabolism
-Nervous system function
-Vitamins ADEK absorption
-Storage of fat in adipose tissue
Which lipids are essential fatty acids?
-Linoleic acid
-Alpha-linolenic acid
A patient tells the health care provider that she is trying to eat fats that can promote good health. Which fats should be included in the patient’s diet?
-Omega-6 fatty acids
-Omega-3 fatty acids
-Monounsaturated fatty acids
Which plant-based lipids provide the best source of polyunsaturated fats?
-Safflower oil
-Sunflower oil
Which plant-based oils are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids?
-Sunflower
-Safflower oil
Which plant-based lipids are both low in cholesterol and saturated fat?
-Canola oil
-Safflower oil
-Sunflower oil
Place these foods in order from highest in saturated fats to lowest in saturated fats.
A) Red meat
B) Poultry
C) Seafood
D) Nuts
E) Coconut oil
F) Olive oil
E, A, B, C, D, F
Which foods are considered liquid sources of animal fats?
-Milk
-Yogurt
-Cream
-Egg yolks
Which foods contain invisible animal fat sources?
-Apple pie
-Chocolate muffins
Which actions are part of the process of chemical digestion of lipids in the small intestine?
-Emulsification of fats by bile
-Cleavage of fatty acids from triglycerides by lipase
-Degradation of lecithin by the action of lecithinase
-Alkalization of food contents entering from the stomach
Which statements correctly describe the oral chemical digestion of lipids?
Lingual lipase is secreted by the Ebner glands during infancy
Which statement is correct regarding chylomicron function?
Facilitates lipid absorption into the lymphatic system
Chylomicrons transport lipids into the lymphatic system since lipids are not water-soluble
Which process helps pancreatic lipase digest lipids in the small intestine?
Bile release into the small intestine
Match the digestive function with the correct chemical
-Bile
-Gastric lipase
-Pancreatic lipase
-Bile: Fat emulsification
-Gastric lipase: Acts on emulsified butterfat
-Pancreatic lipase: Cuts bond between glycerol and fatty acids
Which statement is accurate regarding chylomicron formation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
Chylomicrons are formed in the enterocytes of the small intestines
Which substance combines with fatty acids to become a triglyceride?
Glycerol
Which organ stores bile?
Gallbladder
How many kilocalories are yielded when the body burns 1 g of fat?
9
How many carbon atoms are attached to a medium-chain fatty acid?
6-10
Which element is a basic component of a lipid?
-Oxygen
-Carbon
-Hydrogen
A tablespoon on which food has the greatest amount of trans fat?
Margarine
Which organ produces bile?
Liver
Which term is the chemical group name for fats?
Glycerides
In which part of the digestive tract does fat digestion largely occur?
Small intestine
Which type of fat is present in foods such as margarine and considered unnecessary in human nutrition?
Trans-fatty acid
Which phospholipid has control over inflammatory response, blood clotting, and blood pressure regulation and serves as a messenger for the central nervous system?
Eicosanoids
What is the lipid substance produced by the liver that is a key building block of cell membranes?
Lecithin
What type of fatty acid is unnecessary in human nutrition and poses multiple negative health consequences?
Trans
Which food option has the least amount of fat per serving?
-Danish pastry
-Slice of cheese
-Whole milk
-Skim milk
Skim milk
Which description is characteristic of unsaturated fats?
-Not completely filled with all of the hydrogen that they can hold
-Less heavy than saturated fats
-Liquid at room temperature
-Found in safflower, sunflower, corn, and soybean oils
For which function are eicosanoids responsible?
-Blood clotting
Blood pressure regulation
-Messengers for the CNS
-Inflammatory response
Which cooking oil contains monounsaturated fats?
-Olive
-Canola
-Peanut
Before trans-fatty acids were banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which detrimental health effect has been associated with their consumption?
-Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels
-Decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels
-Increased production of inflammatory cytokines
Which is the best choice for a low-fat meal?
A) Egg salad
B) Blueberry muffin
C) Chicken and rice
D) Ice cream
Chicken and rice
