Chapter 4 - Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What is a Protein?
A protein is a polymer of a amino acids. The combo and number and the sequence of amino acids will create numerous proteins.
How many amino acids are there?
There are 20 amino acids.
What are the four categories of protein?
Structural Proteins ex. muscles
Protein Based hormones ex. Insulin
Enzymes ex. pepsin
Neurotransmitters ex. acetycholine
Where does Transcription occur?
In the nucleus.
What is a gene?
A segment of D.N.A. that codes for a specific protein.
What is Transcription?
It is creating the mrna, which is complimentary to DNA gene.
What is the coding difference between DNA and MrNA
DNA uses A+T G+C, MrNA uses A+Uracil G+C
What is an rNA polymerase and what does it do?
It is just like DNA polymerase but makes the complimentary strain of MrNA
What is it called when a protein leaves ER or the Golgi Apperatus?
Budding
What is it called when a protein leaves the cell.
Exocytosis
Where does Translation occur?
In the Endoplasmic Reticulum when a strand of MrNA attaches to a ribosome.
What is the first stage of Translation?
- Initiation
- ribosome attaches to MrNA strand
What is the second stage of Translation?
- Elongation
- two TrNA molecules specifically complementary bind codon and anti-codon
- Amino Acid hops from TrNA to another elongating amino acid chain
- one TrNa leaves, ribo shifts and the next one comes in
What is the third stage of Translation?
- Termination
- stop codon signals end of protein
- compounds released and recycled
What is the codon that every single protein and what is its code?
The start codon and AUG
