Chapter 2 - D.N.A. Basics Flashcards
What does D.N.A. stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is Chromatin?
Chromatin is the diffused version of D.N.A. it is made of D.N.A. and exists during normal life of the cell. It is loose and free floating.
What is Chromosomes?
Chromosomes are is condensed version of D.N.A. it is made of D.N.A. and is present during cell division. During cell division the chromosomes are in a tight neatly wrapped coil around a core of protein or also known as histones.
What are the four functions of D.N.A.?
- Codes for Protein Synthesis.
- Random mutation for species variation.
- Personal Traits
4, Passes on info to next generation.
What is the structure of D.N.A.?
It is a double helix of nucleotides also known as a polymer of nucleotides.
What are the two categories of nucleotides?
Purines and Pyrimidines.
What nitrogenous base has two rings?
Purines or Adenine and Guanine.
What nitrogenous base has one ring?
Pyrimidines or Thymine and Cystosine.
What is the bond between the nucleotides?
Hydrogen bonds
What does Adenine bind with and how many hydrogen bonds do that?
Thymine and two hydrogen bonds bind them together.
What does Thymine bind with and how many hydrogen bonds do that?
Adenine and two hydrogen bonds bind them together
What are the nucleotides that fall under the category Purine?
Adenine and Guanine.
What are the nucleotide that fall under the category Pyrimidine?
Thymine and Cytosine
What does Guanine bind with and how many hydrogen bonds do that?
Cytosine and three hydrogen bonds bind them together
What does Cytosine bind with and how many hydrogen bonds do that?
Guanine and three hydrogen bonds bind them together
What is it called when A and T only bind together and G and C only bind together?
Complimentary based pairing
What is an antiparallel design?
It’s when 5 prime is on top and 3 prime is on the bottom on the left, on the right it is the opposite.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
A phosphate grade located to the left of 5’, a pentose sugar that 4’, 3’, 2’ and 1’ surround and a nitrogenous base to the right of 1’.
What is Chargaff’s rule?
The number of purines is equal to the number of pyrimidine.
How is the polymer of nucleotides similar to a ladder?
The rails of a ladder or like the sugar base and phosphate base, and the rungs are like the hydrogen bonds.
If this was one strand of D.N.A. what would the other be?
ATTGCACAGTAAC
It would be:
TAACGTGTCATTC
