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IHC > Chapter 4 -NVC > Flashcards

Chapter 4 -NVC Flashcards

1
Q

misconceptions NVC

A
  • 93% of meaning comes from NVC, it is impossible to put a number on
    -some NVC is universally understood
    -deception can be accurately detected through nvc
    -people read nvc, it is not a language so you can’t read it
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2
Q

decoding

A

act of assigning meaning to symbols (blushing->you think they are embarrassed)

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3
Q

encoding

A

act of using symbols to convey meaning (blushing because you are embarrassed)

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4
Q

dynamic nvc

A

elements of nvc that are changeable during interaction (or transaction, e.g. facial expressions, posture)

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5
Q

static nvc

A

elements of nvc that are fixed or do not change during interaction (or transaction, e.g. clothing, piercings, general surroundings)

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6
Q

comparison nvc and vc

A

-both symbolic
-rules of vc learned in school, rules of nvc learned indirectly and primarily through interaction with others
-nvc less subject to control than verbal communication, nvc has more leakage
-you can stop vc but not nvc

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7
Q

leakage

A

non verbal betrayal of someone’s internal feelings without their awareness, thus people are more likely to believe your nvc than your vc

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8
Q

accompanying nvc elements

A

-repeat vc, sending corresponding message
-can substitute vc(nodding)
-can emphasize or highlight the verbal message (showing something is big with hands)
-can moderate or play down verbal communication
-can contradict vc intentionally (sarcasm) or unintentionally

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9
Q

functions nvc

A

-your interpretations of verbal meaning is often framed by accompanying non verbal elements
-can help regulate interactions, aids in starting and ending interactions helps with taking turns during the interaction
-can help to identify specific individuals through appearance and scents, clothing conveys gender, personality, sports team, job
-allows convey emotional information (attitude towards person or situation or yourself e.g. confidence)
-plays fundamental role in personal relationships by conveying relational meaning and information (how you say it, behaviour)

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10
Q

types of nvc

A

-environment
-territoriality
-personal space
-kinesics
-facial expressions
-eye contact and gaze
-vocalics
-chronemics
-haptics

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11
Q

environment

A

the natural or human made surroundings in which communication takes place
-your perception of an environment will influence how you feel, behave and interact

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12
Q

6 dimensions environment

A

-formality
-warmth
-privacy
-familiarity
-constraint
-distance

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13
Q

formality environment

A

formal, serious proper (high-end restaurant) vs informal relaxed, casual (fast food)

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14
Q

warmth environment

A

a warm environment ->welcoming and comfortable

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15
Q

privacy environment

A

deals with the extent to which an environment is perceived as secluded, sense of privacy might increase the likelihood of behaviours that wouldn’t be shown if other people could watch, also increases the likelihood of a person sharing personal information

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16
Q

familiarity environment

A

deals with the extent to which an environment is perceived as known->familiarity lead to comfort

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17
Q

constraint environment

A

deals with the extent to which an environment is perceived as restricting movement ->can be uncomfortable, but some places use constraint to manage people’s movements (ikea)

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18
Q

distance environment

A

deals with the extent to which an environment is perceived as enabling a person to be near to or from another person or object, affect behaviour and comfort (too close->avoid interaction, too far->difficult to interact)

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19
Q

proxemics

A

the study of space and distance in communication, conveys messages about control, acceptance and relationship

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20
Q

territoriality

A

the establishment and maintenance of space that people claim for their personal use
(primary, secondary, public)

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21
Q

primary territory

A

space that you own or have principal control over(house, room) how you decorate it informs others about you, it can also provide you with a sense of comfort

22
Q

secondary territory

A

a place you regularly come (classroom) even though this place does not belong to you, others associate it with you because of repeated use

23
Q

public territory

A

space open to everyone, but available for you to temporarily use (park bench, cinema seats)
-you can mask a space in public to a place in secondary territory with repeated use

24
Q

uses of territory

A

-you can mask a space in public territory to a place in secondary territory with repeated use
-can be used to indicate and perform relationships (inviting or denying someone access to your house)
-it can be used in the construction of leadership or power roles (a head chair)
-people use markers to establish and announce their territory to indicate privacy and control. A person can feel uncomfortable if someone else enters the space without permission

25
Q

personal space

A

space legitimately claimed or occupied by a person for the time being
-body buffer zone

26
Q

body buffer zone

A

an imaginary aura that we regard as part of ourselves
-influenced by context and relationships with others
-your use of space and distance enacts relationships
-space allows for relational negotiation to take place (standing closer -> attempt something more intimate, can be accepted or rejected, depending on other person’s view of relationships)

27
Q

kinesics

A

refers to the movement of the face and body that takes place during an interaction

28
Q

kinesics categories

A

-emblems
-illustrators
-affect displays
-regulators
-adaptors

29
Q

emblems

A

nv face and body movement used to represent feelings or ideas not necessarily being expressed verbally (slapping forehead)

30
Q

illustrators

A

nv face and body movements used to visualize or emphasize verbal communication they portray what you’re saying (showing how to unscrew a bottle cap, making a weird face when tasting)

31
Q

affect displays

A

nv face and body movement to express emotion (shaking out of fear or anxiety)

32
Q

regulators

A

nv face and body movement to indicate to others how you want them to behave or what you want them to do (closing books, gathering belongings to leave, shivering cold)

33
Q

adaptors

A

nv nv behaviours to satisfy personal needs (shake legs out of anxiety, scratching itch)

34
Q

facial expressions 4 types

A

-deintensification
-overintensification
-neutralization
-masking

35
Q

deintensification

A

intensity of an emotional display lessened (hiding feelings)

36
Q

overintesification

A

intensity of emotional display increased (pretend to be happy about a gift)

37
Q

neutralization

A

display of emotion is nonexistent or quickly erased (poker face)

38
Q

masking

A

emotion displayed is the opposite of being experienced (losing competition but smile)

39
Q

physical appearance

A

physical characteristics of one’s face and body (body type, disability, tattoo)

40
Q

artifacts

A

physical adornments or accessories in one’s possession that are removable or temporary (clothing) both influence perceptions and judgements people develop of one another, how people are treated and communicate

41
Q

eye contact

A

extent to which someone looks directly in the eyes of another person
-cultural: Western-eye contact is reliable and honest
Eastern: eye contact is disrespectful
-used to regulate interactions and turn taking
-listeners look at speakers more consistent than speakers look at listeners

42
Q

gaze

A

both interactants look at each other
-seen as rewarding
-exhibit confidence, anger or dominance

43
Q

vocalics (paralanguage)

A

vocal characteristics that provide information about how verbal communication should be interpreted, about how the speaker is feeling, and provides basic information about a person

44
Q

pitch

A

highness or lowness of a person’s voice
-used to emphasize parts of a sentence they think is most important

45
Q

rate

A

how fast or slow a person speaks, generally determined by how many words are spoken per minute
-slow when you want listener to pay attention
-fast, considered nervous or shy
-lively and fluent, when you’re comfortable
-hesitant or uneven, when you’re uncomfortable

46
Q

volume

A

loudness or softness of voice
-used to emphasize words by indicating importance
-can also convey emotional feelings

47
Q

silence

A

meaningful lack of sound
-can be viewed as uncomfortable or in other cultures as respected
-indication of relational comfort of the silent treatment

48
Q

chronemics

A

study of use and evaluation of time in interactions (making someone wait -> expression of power
-time at which something occurs can influence meaning
-include the duration of events
-cultural differences in attitudes toward time

49
Q

haptics

A

study of the specific nonverbal behaviours involving touch

50
Q

functions of touch

A

-functional or professional:permitted by context
-social or polite: formal (handshake)
-friendship or warmth: an expression of regard
-love or intimacy: special, permitted only with those with whom you’re close to

51
Q

meanings of touch

A

-positive affect: convey support, appreciation, inclusion, sexual attraction/affection
-playful: playful affection or aggression
-control: gain compliance, attention, invoke a response from someone
-ritualistic: used for greeting and departing
-hybrid: greeting and departing, expressing affections
-task-related: used to get something done, in process of providing a service
-accidental: unintentional and potentially meaningless

IHC (8 decks)

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