chapter 4 neural basis of memory and learning -

Question 1

memory

Answer 1

memory is the expression of what you have acquired.

Question 2

learning

Answer 2

Learning is the acquisition of skill or knowledge

Question 3

The close relationship between learning and memory is…

Answer 3

both involve and are influenced by many of the same neural mechanisms and processes.

Question 4

neural plasticity

Answer 4

The ability of the brain’s neural structure or function to be changed by experience throughout the lifespan.

Question 5

Synaptic plasticity

Answer 5

The ability of a synapse to change over time through use or disuse.

Question 6

Long term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 6

The long-lasting strengthening of synaptic connections, resulting in enhanced or more effective neurotransmission across the synapse; compare with long-term depression.

Question 7

Long term depression (LTD)

Answer 7

The long-lasting decrease in the strength of synaptic transmission; compared with long-term potentiation.

Question 8

Neurohormone

Answer 8

A chemical messenger manufactured by a neuron that is released into the bloodstream and carried to target neurons or cells; compare with neurotransmitter.

Question 9

differences between LDP and LTD

Answer 9

• strengthening/ weakening of connections
• lack/repeated stimulation of the pre and post synaptic neutrons
  -more/less effective synaptic transmission

Question 10

similarities between LDP and LTD

Answer 10

• occurs in synapse
• long lasting

Question 11

differences between neurotransmitters and neurohormones

Answer 11

• released into the synapse/capilleries
• part of the nervous system/circulatory system

Question 12

similarities between neurotransmitters and neurohormones

Answer 12

• chemical substance
• Can dampen or enhance a response

Question 13

Consolidation

Answer 13

The biological process of making a newly formed long-term memory stable and
enduring after learning.

Question 14

Role of adrenaline in the consolidation of emotionally arousing experiences

Answer 14

enhance long term memory • Important for encoding emotional memories
• Ensures memory strength relates to memory importance

Question 15

role of glutamate in synaptic plasticity

Answer 15

Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter throughout the brain and enhances information transmission by making postsynaptic neurons more likely to fire.
it promotes the growth and strengthening of synaptic connections between neurons