chapter 14

Question 1

resilience

Answer 1

Resilience refers to the ability to successfully cope
with adversity, and to ‘bounce back’ and restore
positive functioning.
-protective factor

Question 2

protective factors

Answer 2

-adeuate diet /sleep
-cognitive behavioural strategies
-support from family/friends/community

Question 3

adequate diet

Answer 3

An adequate diet is important to proper body functioning/ sleep and balancing hormones which mean regulating emotions
- variety of foods from the food groups and lots of water

Question 4

adequate sleep

Answer 4

essential, naturally occurring, involuntary process
These types of side-effects of inadequate sleep can affect our overall sense of wellbeing.

Question 5

cognitive behavioural strategies

Answer 5

techniques drawn from cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to identify, assess and correct faulty patterns.
‘cognitive restructuring’ aims at replacing erroneous or dysfunctional thoughts with more helpful cognitions.
‘behavioural technique’
involve skills training that targets a specific area
of functioning, such as breathing or relaxation training to help with stress management

Question 6

social support

Answer 6

support generally refers to the assistance, care or empathy provided by people to each other.
- experience a greater sense of identity

Question 7

.

Answer 7

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Question 8

transtheroretical model of behaviour change

Answer 8

is a stage-based model that describes and explains how people intentionally change their behaviour to achieve a health-related goal.
The model allows for setbacks during the change process.
Self-efficacy is considered an important influence in the transition from one stage to another

Question 9

5 stages

Answer 9

1. Pre-contemplation
2. Contemplation
3. Preparation
4. Action
5. Maintenance

Question 10

pre contemplation stage

Answer 10

People in this stage are not ready to change and have no intention of taking any action to change. defined as ‘within the next six months’.
- tend to defend their problem
- no intention to change

Question 11

contemplation stage

Answer 11

When people reach this stage they think about the possibility of changing their behaviour.
- begin to consider making a change they do not actually initiate any behaviour
-weighing up pros and cons

Question 12

preparation stage

Answer 12

This stage generally involves mental ‘preparation’ for the desired behaviour change by formulating intentions and an action plan for change.
-made commitment ro change behaviour and intend to take action
-highly confident/ motivated

Question 13

action stage

Answer 13

characterised by explicit attempts to change or abandon the problem behaviour. It is apparent when the person is actually engaging in behaviour change or has adopted a new behaviour.

Question 14

maintenance stage

Answer 14

reached when people have successfully sustained the changed behaviour over a relatively long period of time without relapse, typically for ‘six months or more’.

Question 15

relapse

Answer 15

occur when there is a full blown return to original problem behaviour which is different to lapse that is a slip up

Question 16

strengths

Answer 16

-emphasises that behaviour change is a process that occurs gradually
- takes account of individual differences. recognises that different people are in different
stages

Question 17

limitations

Answer 17

• Not enough research on variables that influence stage transitions, which limits the usefulness of the model for treatment
• cognitive processes leading some people to stop certain behaviours (e.g. smoking) may
  be different from those involved in leading them to
  start certain behaviours (e.g. exercise) and does not allow for difference