Chapter 4: Hyaline Cartilage (Exam 2)

Question 1

Interstitial cartilage growth begins with what?

Answer 1

A grouping of rounded mesenchymal cells that can be called chondrogenic nodules

Question 2

chondrificaton within chondrogenic nodules involves what?

Answer 2

mesenchyme cells differentiate into chondroblasts

Question 3

What are two important factors affecting the differentiation of mesenchyme cells into chondroblasts?

Answer 3

1. transcription factor being expressed (SOX-9)

2. forces exerted in the area

Question 4

during interstitial cartilage growth chondroblasts will secrete what?

Answer 4

will secrete matrix components when they are activated

Question 5

Matrix concentrates/sets up and chondroblasts do what?

Answer 5

they mature (differentiate) into chondrocytes once enough matrix has surrounded them

Question 6

What are two things chondrocytes will likely do?

Answer 6

1. secrete matrix -> territorial matrix

2. divide if they have enough energy leading to isogenic groups

Question 7

cartilage development expands in what direction?

Answer 7

outward

Question 8

what is the stopping point of cartilage development?

Answer 8

chondrogenic perichondrium

Question 9

what does fibrous perichondrium develop from?

Answer 9

surrounding vascular mesenchyme tissue

Question 10

what is the cartilage growth mechanism?

Answer 10

a modified version of interstitial growth

Question 11

Where is interstitial growth found?

Answer 11

1. articular cartilage

2. epiphyseal growth plates

Question 12

Is appositional cart growth faster or slower than interstitial?

Answer 12

appositional growth is much slower

Question 13

which type of cartilage growth, appositional or interstitial, more common?

Answer 13

appositional growth is more common

Question 14

appositional cartilage growth happened in whom?

Answer 14

fetuses, chidden regularly, and as a form of healing in adults

Question 15

the process of appositional growth originates within what layer?

Answer 15

the perichondrium

Question 16

chondrogenic cells and chondroblasts become what in appositional cartilage growth?

Answer 16

they become active

Question 17

how is it that chondrogenic cells become chondrocytes?

Answer 17

they differentiate into chondroblasts and secrete matrix all around themselves which will cause then to differentiate again into chondrocytes

Question 18

In appositional growth new chondroblasts can also develop from what?

Answer 18

fibroblasts in the fibrous perichondrium

Question 19

In appositional growth new chondrogenic perichondrium develops from what?

Answer 19

the previous fibrous perichondrium (all shifting outward)

Question 20

New fibrous perichondrium develops from what in appositional growth?

Answer 20

the surrounding CT

Question 21

Appositional growth functions to do what?

Answer 21

enlarge existing cartilage and in healing (which doesn’t heal very well)