Chapter 4: Clinical aspects (Exam 2) Flashcards
As age increases the number of chondrocytes will what?
decrease
less chondrocytes due to aging means what?
there is less matrix
in addition to less matrix as you age will you see an increase what?
calcification (primarily of hyaline)
What helps prevent calcification of cartilage
chondrocytes
where does one not see an issue with calcification
in elastic cartilage
When are hormones and vitamins effects the greatest on cartilage?
- original development of cartilage
- during the ossification process
- after birth at the epiphyseal growth plates
the healing of hyaline and elastic cartilage is very what?
limited
inflammation is common in both hyaline and elastic cartilage and can ultimately lead to what?
scar tissue
compared to adults how is the healing of hyaline and elastic cartilage in children?
much better
Osteoarthritis (OA) is what type of a disease?
a degenerative joint disease
If osteoarthritis is pathological if what occurs?
it is seen before 60-70yrs of age and it is too severe (not related to injury)
What are the three types of OA
Primary OA, Traumatic OA, and inherited OA
Primary Osteoarthritis is what? (frequency of cases and related to what)
Most common and is age related
what are some possible causes of Primary OA?
wear and tear theory and muscle dysfunction
Traumatic OA is related to what?
injury (Athletic injury is a biggy)
Inherited OA is a genetic mutation of what?
collagen II fibers (weaker which causes the matrix to be weaker)
what is the onset and severity of Inherited OA
it is an early onset and it is severe
what is the OA cycle?
Cartilage decreases the osteophytes develop the joint irritation then inflammation and then you lose more cartilage and cycle starts over
what are the components of the intervertebral disc?
Nucleus pulposus and the annulus fibrosus
there are no to few cells in the nucleus pulposus after what age?
after the 20’s
what is the structure of the intervertebal disc?
a lot of HA (lots of water) and collagen II
what is the function of the nucleus pulposus?
to resist compressive forces
the annulus fibrosis is where you have what?
fibrocartilage
what is the structure of the annulus fibrosis?
lots of collagen I and some hyaline matrix (collagen II)
what are the cells in the annulus fibrosis?
some fibrocytes and chondrocytes
what is the function of the annulus fibrosis?
to support the nucleus pulposus
Age related degenerative changed happen to IVD when?
as age increases (often 40+ yrs of age)
There will be more collagen II or Collagen I in age-related degenerative changes to IVD?
more collagen II (due to chondrocytes)
Age-related degeneration of IVD will cause the nucleus pulposus to do what with its water content?
to decrease its water content
In age-related degeneration of IVD chondrocytes make more what?
aggrecans molecule to try and add structure but still to weak
