Chapter 4: Cartilage (exam 2) Flashcards
Cartilage is a what type of CT?
Specialized type of CT
Cartilage is semi-rigid yet…
flexible
Cartilage cells and matrix immediately surrounding these cells have no what?
no capillary networks of their own
How is nutrition brought to the cartilage?
Diffusion (the thicker the cartilage the harder it is to diffuse)
what are the functions of cartilage (2)
Support and act as a template for endochondral bone ossification
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline (MC), elastic and fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage is a specialized type of what?
hyaline cartilage
Fiber type in Hyaline (H), Elastic (E) and Fibrocartilage (F)
H- Collagen II. E-Collagen II and Elastic.
F- Collagen I
Does hyaline, elastic, and/or fibrocartilage have a perichondrium?
H- yes, usually
E- yes, always
F- No
Places that hyaline cartilage is found?
Most of the larynx, tracheal rings + bronchi, articular cart, thyroid, nasal septum, costal cartilage
Places that Elastic cartilage is found?
Cartilage in the larynx, ear pinna, external auditory tube, epiglottis
Places that fibrocartilage is found?
Annular fibrosis of IVD, knee menisci, pubic symphisis, insertion of some tendons
Hyaline cartilage matrix is made up of what?
Ground Substance and Fibers
What is hyaline cartilage matrix made up of?
Aggrecans, hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans and chondronectin
Aggrecans found in the ground substance is what?
Large molecules composed of Protein (form the core) and Sulfated GAG’s (100-200/aggrecans)
Some examples of sulfated GAG’s?
chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate, heparin sulfate
Hyaluronic acid is also known as what?
Hyaluronan
Each hyaluronic acid bonds to what?
Many aggrecans
what is held between HA and the aggrecans?
large amounts of water
Other proteoglycans found in the matrix of hyaline cartilage does what?
It does not form aggregates, binds to other molecules, and helps stabilize matrix
Chondronectin is a what?
is an adhesive glycoprotein
Fibers in the matrix of hyaline cartilage are what?
primarily Collagen II and some Collagen IX, X, XI
What are the cells found in hyaline cartilage?
Chondrogenic cells, chondroblasts, chondrocyte
what is the appearance of chondrogenic cells
very narrow
what is the location of chondrogenic cells
in cellular part of the perichondrium
chondrogenic cells are derived from what?
mesenchyme cells (sometimes osteoprogenitors)
chondrogenic cells differentiates into what?
chondroblasts when matrix is needed (sometimes osteoprogenitors)
what is the function of chondrogenic cells
as a chondroblasts source
do chondrogenic cells undergo mitosis?
yes they can divide (beneficial to healing and chondroblasts)
What is the appearance of chondroblast cells?
Oval
where are chondroblasts located?
chondrogenic perichondrium
Chondroblasts are derived from what cell?
usually from chondrogenic cells. Sometimes mesenchyme cells (interstitial cartilage growth) or fibroblasts (appositional cartilage growth)
chondroblasts differentiate into what?
chondrocytes
what is the function of chondroblasts?
really good at producing matrix components and all parts of the matrix
do chondroblasts undergo mitosis?
nope
chondroblasts can exist for long periods of time how?
inactive and suspended in the matrix
Chondroblasts can survive in what type of environment that other body cells are unable to survive in?
they can thrive in low oxygen environment
What is the appearance of chondrocytes?
more round
what is the location of chondrocytes?
found in the interior to the perichondrium (chondrogenic perichondrium)
Chondrocytes are derived from what?
chondroblasts
chondrocytes can differentiate into what?
Nothing (already at the end of the chondrocell line)
what are the functions of chondrocytes?
maintain matrix to prevent calcification and to produce some new matrix
can chondrocytes undergo mitosis?
yes they can
young chondrocytes can divide one or two times max in order to make what?
isogenic groups
chondrocytes are able to thrive in low oxygen environments. Will they still be able to exist in an environment that has a lot of blood vessels?
Nah duuuuuude
What is the location of the perichondrium?
peripheral to cartilage
What are the exceptions where you have hyaline cartilage and NO perichondrium?
epiphyseal growth plates and articular cartilage (lining the ends of bones and joints)
What are the two parts of the perichondrium?
the Fibrous perichondrium and the chondrogenic perichondrium
Fibrous perichondrium is is on the outermost portion and are primarily what type of cell?
fibroblasts
why is the fibrous perichondrium call that?
because its dominate collagen type if collagen I
The chondrogenic perichondrium is located where?
inside the fibrous perichondrium and is a thin layer
what are the types of cells found in the chondrogenic perichondrium?
chondrogenic cells and chondroblasts
what is the fiber type found in this layer?
collagen II
the perichondrium is important because it supplies what?
blood vessels for oxygen and nutrients as well as it sup pies cells for matrix production (which is important in healing)
Histogenesis is also known as?
chondrogenesis
