Chapter 4: Cartilage (exam 2)

Question 1

Cartilage is a what type of CT?

Answer 1

Specialized type of CT

Question 2

Cartilage is semi-rigid yet…

Answer 2

flexible

Question 3

Cartilage cells and matrix immediately surrounding these cells have no what?

Answer 3

no capillary networks of their own

Question 4

How is nutrition brought to the cartilage?

Answer 4

Diffusion (the thicker the cartilage the harder it is to diffuse)

Question 5

what are the functions of cartilage (2)

Answer 5

Support and act as a template for endochondral bone ossification

Question 6

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 6

Hyaline (MC), elastic and fibrocartilage

Question 7

Elastic cartilage is a specialized type of what?

Answer 7

hyaline cartilage

Question 8

Fiber type in Hyaline (H), Elastic (E) and Fibrocartilage (F)

Answer 8

H- Collagen II. E-Collagen II and Elastic.

F- Collagen I

Question 9

Does hyaline, elastic, and/or fibrocartilage have a perichondrium?

Answer 9

H- yes, usually
E- yes, always
F- No

Question 10

Places that hyaline cartilage is found?

Answer 10

Most of the larynx, tracheal rings + bronchi, articular cart, thyroid, nasal septum, costal cartilage

Question 11

Places that Elastic cartilage is found?

Answer 11

Cartilage in the larynx, ear pinna, external auditory tube, epiglottis

Question 12

Places that fibrocartilage is found?

Answer 12

Annular fibrosis of IVD, knee menisci, pubic symphisis, insertion of some tendons

Question 13

Hyaline cartilage matrix is made up of what?

Answer 13

Ground Substance and Fibers

Question 14

What is hyaline cartilage matrix made up of?

Answer 14

Aggrecans, hyaluronic acid, proteoglycans and chondronectin

Question 15

Aggrecans found in the ground substance is what?

Answer 15

Large molecules composed of Protein (form the core) and Sulfated GAG’s (100-200/aggrecans)

Question 16

Some examples of sulfated GAG’s?

Answer 16

chondroitin sulfate, keratin sulfate, heparin sulfate

Question 17

Hyaluronic acid is also known as what?

Answer 17

Hyaluronan

Question 18

Each hyaluronic acid bonds to what?

Answer 18

Many aggrecans

Question 19

what is held between HA and the aggrecans?

Answer 19

large amounts of water

Question 20

Other proteoglycans found in the matrix of hyaline cartilage does what?

Answer 20

It does not form aggregates, binds to other molecules, and helps stabilize matrix

Question 21

Chondronectin is a what?

Answer 21

is an adhesive glycoprotein

Question 22

Fibers in the matrix of hyaline cartilage are what?

Answer 22

primarily Collagen II and some Collagen IX, X, XI

Question 23

What are the cells found in hyaline cartilage?

Answer 23

Chondrogenic cells, chondroblasts, chondrocyte

Question 24

what is the appearance of chondrogenic cells

Answer 24

very narrow

Question 25

what is the location of chondrogenic cells

Answer 25

in cellular part of the perichondrium

Question 26

chondrogenic cells are derived from what?

Answer 26

mesenchyme cells (sometimes osteoprogenitors)

Question 27

chondrogenic cells differentiates into what?

Answer 27

chondroblasts when matrix is needed (sometimes osteoprogenitors)

Question 28

what is the function of chondrogenic cells

Answer 28

as a chondroblasts source

Question 29

do chondrogenic cells undergo mitosis?

Answer 29

yes they can divide (beneficial to healing and chondroblasts)

Question 30

What is the appearance of chondroblast cells?

Answer 30

Oval

Question 31

where are chondroblasts located?

Answer 31

chondrogenic perichondrium

Question 32

Chondroblasts are derived from what cell?

Answer 32

usually from chondrogenic cells. Sometimes mesenchyme cells (interstitial cartilage growth) or fibroblasts (appositional cartilage growth)

Question 33

chondroblasts differentiate into what?

Answer 33

chondrocytes

Question 34

what is the function of chondroblasts?

Answer 34

really good at producing matrix components and all parts of the matrix

Question 35

do chondroblasts undergo mitosis?

Answer 35

nope

Question 36

chondroblasts can exist for long periods of time how?

Answer 36

inactive and suspended in the matrix

Question 37

Chondroblasts can survive in what type of environment that other body cells are unable to survive in?

Answer 37

they can thrive in low oxygen environment

Question 38

What is the appearance of chondrocytes?

Answer 38

more round

Question 39

what is the location of chondrocytes?

Answer 39

found in the interior to the perichondrium (chondrogenic perichondrium)

Question 40

Chondrocytes are derived from what?

Answer 40

chondroblasts

Question 41

chondrocytes can differentiate into what?

Answer 41

Nothing (already at the end of the chondrocell line)

Question 42

what are the functions of chondrocytes?

Answer 42

maintain matrix to prevent calcification and to produce some new matrix

Question 43

can chondrocytes undergo mitosis?

Answer 43

yes they can

Question 44

young chondrocytes can divide one or two times max in order to make what?

Answer 44

isogenic groups

Question 45

chondrocytes are able to thrive in low oxygen environments. Will they still be able to exist in an environment that has a lot of blood vessels?

Answer 45

Nah duuuuuude

Question 46

What is the location of the perichondrium?

Answer 46

peripheral to cartilage

Question 47

What are the exceptions where you have hyaline cartilage and NO perichondrium?

Answer 47

epiphyseal growth plates and articular cartilage (lining the ends of bones and joints)

Question 48

What are the two parts of the perichondrium?

Answer 48

the Fibrous perichondrium and the chondrogenic perichondrium

Question 49

Fibrous perichondrium is is on the outermost portion and are primarily what type of cell?

Answer 49

fibroblasts

Question 50

why is the fibrous perichondrium call that?

Answer 50

because its dominate collagen type if collagen I

Question 51

The chondrogenic perichondrium is located where?

Answer 51

inside the fibrous perichondrium and is a thin layer

Question 52

what are the types of cells found in the chondrogenic perichondrium?

Answer 52

chondrogenic cells and chondroblasts

Question 53

what is the fiber type found in this layer?

Answer 53

collagen II

Question 54

the perichondrium is important because it supplies what?

Answer 54

blood vessels for oxygen and nutrients as well as it sup pies cells for matrix production (which is important in healing)

Question 55

Histogenesis is also known as?

Answer 55

chondrogenesis