Chapter 4 - Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics

Question 1

the study of energy in the human body

Answer 1

bioenergetics

Question 2

all of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. The process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body

Answer 2

metabolism

Question 3

the examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise

Answer 3

exercise metabolism

Question 4

the material or substance on which an enzyme acts

Answer 4

substrates

Question 5

organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which include starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All of these are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar

Answer 5

carbohydrates

Question 6

a simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat, and to a lesser extent protein; it serves as the body’s main source of fuel

Answer 6

glucose

Question 7

the complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells

Answer 7

glycogen

Question 8

one of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. These help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In food, there are two types of these.

Answer 8

fat

Question 9

the chemical, or substrate, form in which most fats exist in food as well as in the body

Answer 9

triglycerides

Question 10

amino acids linked by peptide bonds which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds

Answer 10

protein

Question 11

the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids

Answer 11

gluconeogenesis

Question 12

energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body

Answer 12

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 13

a high-energy compound occurring in cells from which ATP is formed

Answer 13

adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Question 14

the breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits, called free fatty acids (FFAs), to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP

Answer 14

Beta-oxidation

Question 15

The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise

Answer 15

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)