Chapter 4: Discourse Flashcards
Conversational implicature
An indirect message, which the listener, with the help of the context, has to try and extract by inferring from an utterance what it may mean.
Cooperation principle
The fine-tuning between speakers where they listen to what the other has to say and reply to form a conversation.
Maxims
A number of basic assumptions the cooperation principle is based on.
Maxim of relevance
The assumption that the contribution of the last speaker will be relevant to further development of the conversation.
Maxim of quantity
The assumption that a listener should be able to rely on a speaker providing them with sufficient information, not more, not less.
Maxim of quality
The assumption that a speaker provides the listener with information that is correct to the best of their knowledge and that they do not lie.
Turn-taking
Unspoken rules that say when a turn is finished and someone else can take over.
Adjacency pair
A pair that consists of two utterances, a question and an answer, produced by different speakers, in a fixed order.
Conversation openers
Phrases that open up a conversation and are not interpreted as a yes/no-question.
Conversation endings
Phrases that end a conversation.
Coherence
When utterances relate to both the verbal and the non-verbal context in which they appear.
Anaphoric reference
When a pronoun refers back to another linguistic element.
Cohesion
When coherence is achieved with linguistic means.
Ellipsis
Leaving out one or more words that are not necessary for a phrase to be understood.
Pharaphrase
An alternative description of a phrase to avoid direct repetition.
