Chapter 2: The Language User Flashcards

1
Q

Linguistic performance

A

A speakers use of language in real situations.

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2
Q

Communicative competence

A

The knowledge of how to use your language in different situations.

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3
Q

Mental lexicon

A

The vocabulary of a language user; their knowledge of words.

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4
Q

Activation spreading

A

When activation fans out to surrounding word forms that are closely connected.

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5
Q

Priming effect

A

When latter words in a sentence can be easily recognized due to activation and activation spreading.

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6
Q

Cognitive system

A

Our various types of knowledge and abilities to speak and understand language.

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7
Q

Aphasia

A

Language dysfunctions that are caused by damage to the brain.

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8
Q

Aphasia to Broca’s area

A

Processing and understanding of syntactic information is affected. Speaking is difficult, few grammatical words are used.
(Broken speech)

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9
Q

Aphasia to Wernicke’s area

A

Phonology and semantics are affected. Comprehension is difficult, speech is fluent but hard to understand.
(Word Salad)

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10
Q

Aphasia to supramarginal gyrus

A

Word retrieval difficulties.

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11
Q

Co-articulation

A

When the pronunciation of a sound is influenced by sounds that both precede and follow it, and it therefore sounds different in different contexts.

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12
Q

Variable

A

A different way of pronouncing a sound due to co-articulation.

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13
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

When each individual speech sound within the sound signal is identified and then combined into a word.

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14
Q

Top-down processing

A

When speech recognition is influenced by our knowledge, expectations and higher levels of processing, such as constructing an interpretation that makes sense.

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15
Q

Cohort

A

A set of words that is activated at a certain stage in the process of word recognition.

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16
Q

Cohort model

A

The model of word recognition that uses a cohort.

17
Q

Context effect

A

When the context helps to build up an expectation in the listener which may lead to faster recognition.

18
Q

Parsing

A

To analyze a sentence in terms of grammatical constitutes, identifying parts of speech, syntactic relations etc.

19
Q

Syntactic strategy

A

To use analytic techniques to understand the structure of sentences; hearers anticipate on frequent patterns.

20
Q

Semantic strategy

A

To identify the content words in a sentence and instruct an interpretation that makes sense on hat basis; hearers anticipate on the most likely meaning.

21
Q

Conceptualizing

A

Thinking out and planning an utterance.

22
Q

Preverbal message

A

When the message is thought out and the planning stage is completed, but the utterance does not yet have a linguistic shape.

23
Q

Grammatical encoding

A

The formulation of an utterance.

24
Q

Slip of the tongue

A

When the right words for an utterance are chosen, but something goes wrong in the word form.

25
Slip of the hand
Mispronunciations in sign languages.
26
Phonetic plan
A plan that contains all the information needed to actually produce an utterance, like the phonological encoding of words and their grammatical properties.
27
Articulation phase
When the abstract word forms that have been activated in the brain are turned into speech movements.
28
Incremental process
A process that happens in a series of amounts
29
Linguistic competence
The unconscious knowledge of grammar that allows a speaker to use a language.
30
Activation
When a word from the lexicon is used it is activated and this activation spreads to other words that are somehow related to the activated word.