Chapter 4 - Cells Flashcards
Who discovered cells and when?
Robert Hooke in 1665
What is the most frequently used microscope?
Light microscope
What electroscope uses beams of electrons, and not light, to magnify up to 100,000 times?
Electron Microscope
What microscope is used to study detailed architecture of cell surfaces?
Scanning electron microscope
What microscope allows us to study the details of the internal cell structure?
Transmission electron microscope
The structural and functional unit of an organism, and the smallest structure capable of performing all functions necessary to life
Cell
A theory that says all cells come from other cells, all things are composed of one or more cells, and cells are the basic unit of living things
Cell Theory
What characteristics do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share?
A plasma membrane and one or more chromosomes/ribosomes.
A thing that eukaryotic cells possess that prokaryotic cells don’t:
A membrane bound nucleus and a number of other organelles
Which cell type is bigger and more complex?
Eukaryotic cells
Forms a flexible boundary between the living cell and its surroundings
Plasma membrane
Makes up the interior and “fills” the interior of cells
Cytoplasm
Makes proteins using instructions from genes
Ribosomes
What feature do all cells have in common?
A plasma membrane, one or more chromosomes, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
Where is DNA stored in a prokaryotic cell?
In the Nucleoid
Projections on a prokaryotic cell that propels the cell through its environment
Flagella
What organelles control the genetics of a cell?
Nucleus and ribosomes
Which organelles manage the manufacturing, distribution, and breakdown of molecules?
Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and peroxisomes
What is the “mitochondria” of plant cells?
Chloroplasts
What organelles provide structural support and assists in movement and communication?
Cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, and the cell wall
What organelles are not found in eukaryotic plant cells?
Lysosomes and centrioles
What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
Cell wall, chloroplasts, and one central vacuole
What two steps are involved in protein production?
Transcription in the nucleus results in the production of RNA from DNA
Translation at the ribosomes results in the production of proteins
Contains most of the cell’s DNA and controls the cell + protein production
Nucleus
What makes up chromosomes?
Proteins
DNA in a non-dividing cell
Chromatin
A double membrane that has pores to allow material to flow in and out of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope
A prominent structure in the nucleus at the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis
Nucleolus
Where are Ribosomes synthesized from?
rRNAs produced in the nucleolus
A type of Ribosome suspended in cytoplasm and only produce within the cytoplasm (enzymes)
Free Ribosomes
A type of Ribosome attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and is associated with proteins packed in certain organelles or exported from the cell
Bound Ribosomes
