Chapter 4 - Cells

Question 1

Who discovered cells and when?

Answer 1

Robert Hooke in 1665

Question 2

What is the most frequently used microscope?

Answer 2

Light microscope

Question 3

What electroscope uses beams of electrons, and not light, to magnify up to 100,000 times?

Answer 3

Electron Microscope

Question 4

What microscope is used to study detailed architecture of cell surfaces?

Answer 4

Scanning electron microscope

Question 5

What microscope allows us to study the details of the internal cell structure?

Answer 5

Transmission electron microscope

Question 6

The structural and functional unit of an organism, and the smallest structure capable of performing all functions necessary to life

Answer 6

Cell

Question 7

A theory that says all cells come from other cells, all things are composed of one or more cells, and cells are the basic unit of living things

Answer 7

Cell Theory

Question 8

What characteristics do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share?

Answer 8

A plasma membrane and one or more chromosomes/ribosomes.

Question 9

A thing that eukaryotic cells possess that prokaryotic cells don’t:

Answer 9

A membrane bound nucleus and a number of other organelles

Question 10

Which cell type is bigger and more complex?

Answer 10

Eukaryotic cells

Question 11

Forms a flexible boundary between the living cell and its surroundings

Answer 11

Plasma membrane

Question 12

Makes up the interior and “fills” the interior of cells

Answer 12

Cytoplasm

Question 13

Makes proteins using instructions from genes

Answer 13

Ribosomes

Question 14

What feature do all cells have in common?

Answer 14

A plasma membrane, one or more chromosomes, ribosomes, and cytoplasm

Question 15

Where is DNA stored in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 15

In the Nucleoid

Question 16

Projections on a prokaryotic cell that propels the cell through its environment

Answer 16

Flagella

Question 17

What organelles control the genetics of a cell?

Answer 17

Nucleus and ribosomes

Question 18

Which organelles manage the manufacturing, distribution, and breakdown of molecules?

Answer 18

Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and peroxisomes

Question 19

What is the “mitochondria” of plant cells?

Answer 19

Chloroplasts

Question 20

What organelles provide structural support and assists in movement and communication?

Answer 20

Cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, and the cell wall

Question 21

What organelles are not found in eukaryotic plant cells?

Answer 21

Lysosomes and centrioles

Question 22

What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

Answer 22

Cell wall, chloroplasts, and one central vacuole

Question 23

What two steps are involved in protein production?

Answer 23

Transcription in the nucleus results in the production of RNA from DNA
Translation at the ribosomes results in the production of proteins

Question 24

Contains most of the cell’s DNA and controls the cell + protein production

Answer 24

Nucleus

Question 25

What makes up chromosomes?

Answer 25

Proteins

Question 26

DNA in a non-dividing cell

Answer 26

Chromatin

Question 27

A double membrane that has pores to allow material to flow in and out of the nucleus

Answer 27

Nuclear envelope

Question 28

A prominent structure in the nucleus at the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis

Answer 28

Nucleolus

Question 29

Where are Ribosomes synthesized from?

Answer 29

rRNAs produced in the nucleolus

Question 30

A type of Ribosome suspended in cytoplasm and only produce within the cytoplasm (enzymes)

Answer 30

Free Ribosomes

Question 31

A type of Ribosome attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and is associated with proteins packed in certain organelles or exported from the cell

Answer 31

Bound Ribosomes