Chapter 3 - Organic Compounds Flashcards
What are the molecules of life?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
What are diverse molecules composed of?
Carbon bonded to other carbons and atoms of other elements.
What are organic compounds mostly made up of?
Carbon
What are compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen called?
Hydrocarbons
A chain of carbon atoms that can be branched or unbranched is called:
A carbon skeleton
Compounds that are made with the same formula but different structural arragenements are called:
Isomers
An example of an isomers is
graphite and diamond
What affects a biological molecule’s function in a characteristic way
Functional group
What are compounds containing function groups called?
Hydrophilic (water loving) or POLAR
What are sex hormones an example of?
Functional groups
Molecules that are made from an identical building blocks strung together are called:
Polymers
Polymer’s “building blocks” are officially called
Monomers
A cell makes a large number of polymers from what?
a list of monomers
What reactions cause monomers to link together and form polymers?
Dehydration reactions
What process breaks polymers apart?
Hydro (water) lysis (split)
What speeds up chemical reactions and mediates all biological reactions?
Enzymes
What type of reaction takes place to build muscle?
Dehydration reaction (joins monomers, builds, repairs, grows)
What type of reaction takes place during digestion?
Hydrolysis (breaks apart food)
The macromolecule composed of 1:2:1 ratio of C, H, and O.
Carbohydrates
Quick fuel, short term energy storage, structure, and cell-to-cell recognition is contributed to:
Carbs
What three types of carbohydrates are there?
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
What is the simplest saccharide and acts as a monomer?
Monosaccharides
The main fuel used by cells and used as raw materials for other organic molecules:
Monosaccharides
Two monosaccharides (monomers) bonded form a:
Disaccharide
Saccharides composed of thousands of monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
What molecules are hydrophobic?
Lipids
What three types of lipids are there?
Fats, phospholipids, and steroids
What is a fat (lipid) composed of?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What is another name for fats?
Triglycerides
What is a fatty acid with one or more double bonds called?
Unsaturated fatty acids
What is a fat with the maximum number of hydrogens called?
Saturated fatty acids
