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Gen Bio 1 > Chapter 3 - Organic Compounds > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Organic Compounds Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the molecules of life?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

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2
Q

What are diverse molecules composed of?

A

Carbon bonded to other carbons and atoms of other elements.

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3
Q

What are organic compounds mostly made up of?

A

Carbon

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4
Q

What are compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen called?

A

Hydrocarbons

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5
Q

A chain of carbon atoms that can be branched or unbranched is called:

A

A carbon skeleton

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6
Q

Compounds that are made with the same formula but different structural arragenements are called:

A

Isomers

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7
Q

An example of an isomers is

A

graphite and diamond

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8
Q

What affects a biological molecule’s function in a characteristic way

A

Functional group

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9
Q

What are compounds containing function groups called?

A

Hydrophilic (water loving) or POLAR

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10
Q

What are sex hormones an example of?

A

Functional groups

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11
Q

Molecules that are made from an identical building blocks strung together are called:

A

Polymers

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12
Q

Polymer’s “building blocks” are officially called

A

Monomers

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13
Q

A cell makes a large number of polymers from what?

A

a list of monomers

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14
Q

What reactions cause monomers to link together and form polymers?

A

Dehydration reactions

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15
Q

What process breaks polymers apart?

A

Hydro (water) lysis (split)

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16
Q

What speeds up chemical reactions and mediates all biological reactions?

A

Enzymes

17
Q

What type of reaction takes place to build muscle?

A

Dehydration reaction (joins monomers, builds, repairs, grows)

18
Q

What type of reaction takes place during digestion?

A

Hydrolysis (breaks apart food)

19
Q

The macromolecule composed of 1:2:1 ratio of C, H, and O.

A

Carbohydrates

20
Q

Quick fuel, short term energy storage, structure, and cell-to-cell recognition is contributed to:

A

Carbs

21
Q

What three types of carbohydrates are there?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

22
Q

What is the simplest saccharide and acts as a monomer?

A

Monosaccharides

23
Q

The main fuel used by cells and used as raw materials for other organic molecules:

A

Monosaccharides

24
Q

Two monosaccharides (monomers) bonded form a:

A

Disaccharide

25
Q

Saccharides composed of thousands of monosaccharides

A

Polysaccharides

26
Q

What molecules are hydrophobic?

A

Lipids

27
Q

What three types of lipids are there?

A

Fats, phospholipids, and steroids

28
Q

What is a fat (lipid) composed of?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

29
Q

What is another name for fats?

A

Triglycerides

30
Q

What is a fatty acid with one or more double bonds called?

A

Unsaturated fatty acids

31
Q

What is a fat with the maximum number of hydrogens called?

A

Saturated fatty acids

Gen Bio 1 (8 decks)

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