Chapter 3 - Organic Compounds Pt. 2 Flashcards
What type of fatty acid molecule is kinked?
Unsaturated fatty acid
What are phospholipids?
Structurally similar to fats, and the major component of cells
What is a phospholipid made of?
Two fatty acids and one glycerol
Lipids in which the carbon skeleton contain four fused rings are called:
Steroids
What do steroids make the most use of?
Functional groups
What are proteins made of?
a combonation of 20 amino acid monomers
What are protein’s amino acids linked by?
Peptide bonds
What two things make an amino acid?
An amino group and a carboxyl group
What contains hundreds of thousands of amino acids linked by peptide bonds?
A Polypeptide chain
What is the most important role of proteins?
To act as enzymes
What are enzymes?
Proteins that server as metabolic catalysts and regulate chemical reactions within cells
A type of protein that supports and strengthens
Structural protein
A type of protein that include antibodies of the immune system
Defensive proteins
Proteins that enable cells to communicate with each other and with the environment
Signal protein
A type of protein that transmit signals into cells
Receptor protein
A protein that carries oxygen (hemoglobin) or allows substances into the cell
Transport protein
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
What happens when a proteins shape is altered?
It can no longer function
What happens to a polypeptide chain during denaturation?
Unravels, and loses its shape and function
What is an amino acid sequence of a polypeptide programmed by?
the unit of inheritance known as the gene
What makes up genes?
DNA
What is RNA, and what does it do?
DNA uses RNAs to transcribe information and the RNA translates it into proteins.
What is DNA and RNA composed of?
Monomers called Nucleotides
What are nucleotides made of?
A five carbon sugar called ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).
What nitrogenous bases does RNA have
The same as DNA but thymine has been replaced with Uracil (U)
How many polynucleotide strands make up RNA?
One
