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Gen Bio 1 > Chapter 3 - Organic Compounds Pt. 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Organic Compounds Pt. 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of fatty acid molecule is kinked?

A

Unsaturated fatty acid

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2
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

Structurally similar to fats, and the major component of cells

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3
Q

What is a phospholipid made of?

A

Two fatty acids and one glycerol

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4
Q

Lipids in which the carbon skeleton contain four fused rings are called:

A

Steroids

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5
Q

What do steroids make the most use of?

A

Functional groups

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6
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

a combonation of 20 amino acid monomers

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7
Q

What are protein’s amino acids linked by?

A

Peptide bonds

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8
Q

What two things make an amino acid?

A

An amino group and a carboxyl group

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9
Q

What contains hundreds of thousands of amino acids linked by peptide bonds?

A

A Polypeptide chain

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10
Q

What is the most important role of proteins?

A

To act as enzymes

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11
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Proteins that server as metabolic catalysts and regulate chemical reactions within cells

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12
Q

A type of protein that supports and strengthens

A

Structural protein

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13
Q

A type of protein that include antibodies of the immune system

A

Defensive proteins

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14
Q

Proteins that enable cells to communicate with each other and with the environment

A

Signal protein

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15
Q

A type of protein that transmit signals into cells

A

Receptor protein

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16
Q

A protein that carries oxygen (hemoglobin) or allows substances into the cell

A

Transport protein

17
Q

What are the 4 levels of protein structure?

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary

18
Q

What happens when a proteins shape is altered?

A

It can no longer function

19
Q

What happens to a polypeptide chain during denaturation?

A

Unravels, and loses its shape and function

20
Q

What is an amino acid sequence of a polypeptide programmed by?

A

the unit of inheritance known as the gene

21
Q

What makes up genes?

A

DNA

22
Q

What is RNA, and what does it do?

A

DNA uses RNAs to transcribe information and the RNA translates it into proteins.

23
Q

What is DNA and RNA composed of?

A

Monomers called Nucleotides

24
Q

What are nucleotides made of?

A

A five carbon sugar called ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

25
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA

A

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

26
Q

What nitrogenous bases does RNA have

A

The same as DNA but thymine has been replaced with Uracil (U)

27
Q

How many polynucleotide strands make up RNA?

A

One

Gen Bio 1 (8 decks)

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