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Gen Bio 1 > Chapter 2 - Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Chemistry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are chemicals?

A

The stuff that make up our bodies, the bodies of other organisms, and the environment: aka everything

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2
Q

What is life’s chemistry tied to?

A

Water - all organisms need it, and chemical reactions that occur in cells consist of 70-95% water.

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3
Q

All living organisms are composed of…

A

Matter

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4
Q

What is matter composed of?

A

Chemical elements, a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances

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5
Q

How many elements are there?

A

92

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6
Q

How many elements are essential to life?

A

25

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7
Q

What does CHON stand for?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (96% of the body)

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8
Q

What are trace elements?

A

Essential elements but only needed in very small quantities

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9
Q

Two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio

A

A Compound

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10
Q

Pure elements are more common than compounds

A

False

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11
Q

Smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

A

Atom

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12
Q

The three subatomic particles in atoms are:

A

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

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13
Q

Protons charge:

A

Positive

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14
Q

Neutrons charge:

A

Electrically neutral

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15
Q

Electrons charge:

A

Negative

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16
Q

What two subatomic particles are in the atom’s nucleus?

A

Neutrons and Protons

17
Q

What subatomic particle orbits the nucleus?

A

Electrons

18
Q

The atomic number has:

A

the number of protons in an atom

19
Q

What makes up an element’s mass number?

A

Protons and neutrons

20
Q

Atomic mass is equal to…

A

Atomic Number

21
Q

Elements with the same number of protons as the original element but a different number of neutrons are called:

A

Isotopes

22
Q

Do isotopes react the same as their elements?

A

True

23
Q

Living cells can distinguish the differences between isotopes of an element

A

False

24
Q

What determines whether atoms will form chemical bonds?

A

The number and arrangement of their electrons

25
Q

Which of the three subatomic particles are involved in chemical activity?

A

Electrons

26
Q

Where are electrons located on the atom?

A

Electron Shell

27
Q

How many shells can atoms have?

A

One, two, or three.

28
Q

Which shell determines the chemical properties of an atom?

A

The outer (third) shell

29
Q

What do atoms do when their third shell is not full?

A

Seek other atoms for chemical reactions to fill the shell

30
Q

What is the amount of electrons per shell?

A

2 (inner) 8 (middle) 8 (outer)

Gen Bio 1 (8 decks)

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