Chapter 1 - Introduction To Biology Pt 1 Flashcards
What is Biology?
The scientific study of life
Order
The highly ordered structure that typifies life
Reproduction
The ability of organisms to reproduce their own kind
Growth and Development
Consistent growth and development controlled by inherited DNA
Energy Processing
The use of chemical energy to power an organism’s activities and chemical reactions
Response to the Environment
An ability to respond to environmental stimuli
Regulation
An ability to control an organism’s internal environment within limits that sustain life (homeostasis)
Evolutionary Adaptation
Adaptations evolved over many generations as individuals with traits best suited to their environments have greater reproductive success and pass their traits to offspring (also know as natural selection)
Biological Organization
Biosphere -> Ecosystem, Community -> Population -> Organism -> Organ -> Tissues -> Cells -> Organelle -> Molecule
Biosphere
Biggest level; all of the environments on Earth that support life
Ecosystem
Level below Biosphere; all the organisms living in a particular area and the physical components with which the organisms interact
Community
Third Level below Ecosystem; the entire array of organisms living in a particular ecosystem
Population
Below Community; all the individuals of a species living in a specific area
Organism
An individual living thing within a population
Organ System
Several organs that cooperate in a specific function to sustain an organism
Organ
A structure composed of tissues that provides a specific function in an organ system
Tissues
A group of similar cells that perform a specific function to make up an organ
Cells
The fundamental unit of life that makes up tissues
Organelle
A membrane bound structure that performs a specific function within a cell
Molecule
A cluster of small chemical units calls atoms held together by chemical bonds
Emergent Properties
Arise in each step upward in the hierarchy of life; from the arrangement and interactions among component parts
At which level of Biological Organization does life emerge?
Cellular Level
What unit regulates its own internal environment, takes in and uses energy, responds to its environment, develops and maintains complex organization, and is capable of reproduction?
Cells
What do all cells have?
- A membrane that acts as a security wall
2. DNA as their genetic information (for reproduction)
The two types of Cells include:
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
The cells that were first to evolve, are simpler, and usually smaller
Prokaryotic
Cells that contain membrane-enclosed organelles, including a nucleus with DNA, and are found in plants, animals and fungi.
Eukaryotic
