Chapter 4 Behavioral Coaching

Question 1

Determinants of behavior

Answer 1

Refers to the psychological, social, or environmental factors that influence behavior.

Question 2

Behavior change techniques (BCTs)

Answer 2

Client interventions that are used to change some determinant of behavior.

Question 3

Affective judgment

Answer 3

Referring to expected pleasure or enjoyment.

Question 4

The Stages of Change model (also known as the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change)

Answer 4

views change as a process that involves progression through a series of stages; These stages are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance

Question 5

Precontemplation

Answer 5

Client does not exercise and is not planning to start exercising within 6 months.

Question 6

Contemplation stage

Answer 6

: the individual does not currently exercise but is planning to start within 6 months. (Similar to precontemplation, education is one of the best strategies to use with people in contemplation, because they sometimes just need more information to boost their perceived value of an exercise program. )

Question 7

Preparation stage:

Answer 7

the individual is planning to begin exercising soon and has taken steps toward it and may even be sporadically exercising (The preparation stage is all about establishing a plan that clients feel confident they can follow. Building intrinsic motivation for exercise is also important)

Question 8

Action stage:

Answer 8

the individual has been exercising for less than 6 months ( In this stage, it is important to not allow short-term slip-ups to turn into a departure from the exercise program)

Question 9

Maintenance stage:

Answer 9

the individual has been exercising consistently for 6 months or more (Glanz et al., 2008; Spencer et al., 2006)

Question 10

Decisional balance

Answer 10

Reflects the clients’ weighing of the pros and cons of changing.

Question 11

Reflective listening

Answer 11

The process of seeking to understand the meaning of the speaker’s words and restating the idea back to the speaker to confirm that they were understood correctly.

Question 12

Open-ended questions

Answer 12

Nondirective questions that can’t be answered with a simple yes or no; they require critical thinking to formulate a response.

Question 13

SUMMARIZING

Answer 13

Summaries are a series of reflections. If fitness professionals have successfully reflected with their clients, then summaries should be simple.

Question 14

3 types of summaries

Answer 14

There are three types of summaries: collecting summaries, linking summaries, and transitional summaries

Question 15

Collecting summaries

Answer 15

Short sentences that continue the client’s thoughts and add momentum to the conversation.

Question 16

Linking summaries

Answer 16

Summaries that tie together information the client has presented, perhaps even from previous sessions.

Question 17

Transitional summaries

Answer 17

Summaries used to wrap up a session or announce a shift in focus.

Question 18

Affirmations

Answer 18

Positive statements about character strengths.

Question 19

Motivational interviewing

Answer 19

Client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence. (Motivational interviewing recognizes that everyone has different levels of readiness for changing a behavior, so it is important to gain an understanding of why individuals would want to change and also the things that might cause them to feel ambivalent about that change)

Question 20

Self-discrepancy

Answer 20

An internal conflict that occurs when an individual compares their actual self with their ideal self.

Question 21

Sustain talk

Answer 21

Talk that represents and predicts movement away from change.

Question 22

Change talk

Answer 22

Talk that reflects movement of the person toward behavior change.

Question 23

Process goals

Answer 23

refer to the daily and weekly tasks that need to be done to reach that final outcome. Once an outcome goal has been set, process goals should be created that speak to how they are going to achieve that outcome.

Question 24

Outcome goals

Answer 24

Goals focused on the end result.

Question 25

Implementation intentions

Answer 25

A behavior change technique that links a goal-directed response to situational cues by specifying when, where, and how to act.

Question 26

Cognitive fusion

Answer 26

When people believe the exact content of their own thoughts.