Chapter 4 - Analysis of Foreign Policy

Question 1

What is the difference between IR and Foreign Policy (2)?

Answer 1

1) IR: focus on state interactions

2) FP: focused on domestic decision-making processes

Question 2

What do realists focus on in Foreign Policy analysis (1)?

Answer 2

Objective factors (geography, relative capabilities) shape policies and objectives

Question 3

What do liberalists focus on in foreign policy analysis (1)?

Answer 3

Domestic realities (domestic politics and economics)

Question 4

What do Marxists focus on in foreign policy analysis? (1)

Answer 4

Economic dynamics between classes

Question 5

What do constructivists focus on in foreign policy analysis? (1)

Answer 5

Narratives, ideas, norms and strategic cutlure

Question 6

What do feminists focus on in foreign policy analysis? (1)

Answer 6

Power hierarchies and roles of gender

Question 7

What are Instruments of Persuasion?

Answer 7

Instruments used by govts trying to achieve foreign policy objectives by persuading foreign actors to act in certain ways

Question 8

What are 2 examples of Instruments of Persuasion?

Answer 8

1) Diplomacy (classical or public)

2) Incentives (Economic or general)

Question 9

What are Instruments of Coercion?

Answer 9

Instruments used by govts trying to coerce a foreign actor to act in a certain way

Question 10

What are 6 examples of Instruments of Coercion?

Answer 10

1) Economic Sanctions
2) Propaganda
3) Covert Operations
4) Cyber Operations
5) Coercive Diplomacy (actions short of war)
6) Military Force

Question 11

Example of economic sanctions being effective (1)

Answer 11

S.AFR end apartheid after econ sanctions were imposed

Question 12

Example of economic sanctions being INeffective (1)

Answer 12

N.KOR maintains nuclear programme despite severe long-term sanctions

Question 13

Individual-level Sources of Foreign Policy (3)

Answer 13

1) Leaders with well-established personalities (Hudson)
2) Leaders affected by prior actual/historical experiences (Record)
3) Leaders acting on mental short-cuts (Fiske)

Question 14

State-level Sources of Foreign Policy (4)

Answer 14

1) Institutions and politics within national govt
2) Dynamics between executives and legislatures
3) Societal actors and public opinion
4) Bankers?

Question 15

International-level sources of Foreign Policy (3)

Answer 15

1) Geography
2) Relative level of Econ Development
3) Relative national capabilities (international influence)

Question 16

4 Potential Reasons Hussein went to war in 1991?

Answer 16

1) Hussein’s personality (aggressive/paranoid)
2) Misperception and Groupthink (US bluff? and scared advisors)
3) National Econ distress (oil)
4) Geopolitical opportunism (leader of arab world)

Question 17

Individual-level causes of CHANGE in FP (2)

Answer 17

1) Leadership learning (constructivist)

2) Leadership turnover (liberals)

Question 18

State-level causes of CHANGE in FP (2)

Answer 18

1) Domestic regime change (democracy or not?)

2) NGOs and interest groups (liberal and cosntructivist) (keck)

Question 19

International-level causes of CHANGE in FP (3)

Answer 19

1) External Shocks (constructivists) (external interventions)
2) Changes in relative power (but lag effect)
3) development of IOs

Question 20

What is Strategic Culture? (1)

Answer 20

A State’s self-image and reputation shaped by historical differences determines how it acts internationally

Question 21

What is Relative (National) Capability?

Answer 21

A State’s ability to influence others to act in certain ways