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A Level Chemistry > Chapter 4 - Acids and redox > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Acids and redox Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acid?

A

It is a H+ (proton) donor

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2
Q

What will be produced when a strong acid reacts with water?

A

H3O (proton + water)

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3
Q

What are bases?

A

Proton acceptors

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4
Q

Formula of sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

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5
Q

Formula of hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

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6
Q

Formula of nitric acid

A

HNO3

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7
Q

Formula of ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

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8
Q

What will the salt of hydrochloric acid look like?

A

xCl

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9
Q

What will the salt of sulfuric acid look like?

A

X2SO4

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10
Q

What will the salt of nitric acid look like?

A

x(NO3)2

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11
Q

Formula of sodium hydroxide

A

NaOH

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12
Q

Formula of potassium hydroxide

A

KOH

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13
Q

Formula of ammonia

A

NH3

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14
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

One which fully dissociates in water

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15
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

One which partially dissociates in water - this reaction is reversible

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16
Q

What is produced when ammonia reacts with an acid?

A

Ammonium salt

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17
Q

What are titrations used for?

A

To find out how much acid is needed to neutralise a known quantity of alkali

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18
Q

Where must we read the results of a titration from?

A

The meniscus

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19
Q

Top tips for titrations

A

Balance the equation
Work out moles of known substance
Work out moles of unknown substance
Work out concentration or volume of unknown

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20
Q

What colour change indicates a titration is over?

A

Pink to colourless when acid is added to alkali

21
Q

What is a standard solution?

A

One with a known concentration

22
Q

Equation for number of moles in a solution

A

Number of moles = concentration x volume

23
Q

How to prepare a standard solution

A

Weigh out an exact amount of solid using a balance
Add water to the beaker to dissolve the solid
Transfer to a volumetric flask and top up with water until it meets the graduation line
Thoroughly mix the solution

24
Q

What are polyprotic acids?

A

Acids that donate more than one electron

25
Q

What is important to remember about di and tri protic acids?

A

They will take double or triple the numbers of moles of base to be neutralised

26
Q

What is the oxidation number?

A

How many electrons need to be donated or accepted to form a compound or ion

27
Q

What will all pure elements have an oxidation number of?

A

0

28
Q

What will ions consisting of one ion have the oxidation number of?

A

The charge of the ion

29
Q

For moleular ions, what will the sum of the oxidation numbers equal?

A

The overall charge of the ion

30
Q

Oxidation number of oxygen

A

-2

31
Q

Oxidation number of hydrogen

A

+1

32
Q

Oxidation number of fluorine

A

-1

33
Q

How can roman numerals help us with the oxidation number?

A

The numeral next to an element shows its oxidation number - Fe (II) has an oxidation number of +2

34
Q

What do -ate compounds contain?

A

Oxygen and another element

35
Q

What does the number after the non-oxygen element in an -ate compound show us?

A

Its oxidation number

36
Q

What is a loss of electrons called?

A

Oxidation

37
Q

What is a gain of electrons called?

A

Reduction

38
Q

What will happen to the oxidation number as electrons are lost?

A

It will increase

39
Q

How to remember oxidation and reduction

A

OIL RIG

40
Q

What happens to metals when they react with acids?

A

They are oxidised

41
Q

What is produced when a base neutralises an acid?

A

A salt

42
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that dissolves in water and releases hydroxide ions

43
Q

What is formed when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide or oxide?

A

A salt and water

44
Q

What is produced when an acid and an alkali react?

A

A salt and water

45
Q

What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

A

A salt, water and carbon dioxide

46
Q

What will the oxidation number for all elements be?

A

0

47
Q

Where does the sign go when writing an oxidation number?

A

Before the number

48
Q

What is a salt?

A

The metal ion is replaced by a hydrogen ion

49
Q

What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

A

A base accepts H+ ions from an acid and an alkali releases OH- ions into solution

A Level Chemistry (29 decks)

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