Chapter 2 - Atoms, ions and compounds

Question 1

What are the three subatomic particles?

Answer 1

Proton
Electron
Neutron

Question 2

Where are electrons found?

Answer 2

In orbitals

Question 3

Charge of electrons

Answer 3

-1

Question 4

Mass of electron

Answer 4

1/2000

Question 5

Charge of neutron

Answer 5

0

Question 6

Mass of neutron

Answer 6

1

Question 7

Charge of proton

Answer 7

+1

Question 8

Mass of proton

Answer 8

1

Question 9

What does the mass number show?

Answer 9

Mass of the nucleus

Question 10

What does the atomic number show?

Answer 10

Number of electrons or protons

Question 11

What is an ion?

Answer 11

An element with a different number of electrons

Question 12

What are isotopes?

Answer 12

Atoms with a different number of neutrons

Question 13

Why can isotopes change the physical properties of an atom?

Answer 13

Properties can depend on the mass of the atom

Question 14

What is the relative atomic mass of an atom?

Answer 14

The weighted mean mass compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12

Question 15

What is the relative isotopic mass?

Answer 15

The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th of the mass of an atom of Carbon 12

Question 16

How to work out Ar from isotopic abundance?

Answer 16

1) Multiply the relative isotopic mass by its % abundance
2) Add up all the results
3) Divide by 100

Question 17

How are the isotopes in a sample calculated?

Answer 17

Using a mass spectrometer

Question 18

How does a mass spectrometer work?

Answer 18

1) A vaporised sample is ionised to form positive ions
2) The ions are accelerated
3) Heavy ions move more slowly than light ones so they are separated
4) The different speeds are detected on the spectrum and this can be used to determine the amount of each isotope in the sample

Question 19

How to work out atomic mass using spectronomy

Answer 19

Multiply the relative mass of each isotope by its abundance
Add the results
Divide by the sum of the total isotopic abundances

Question 20

What is important to remember about the reactive properties of isotopes?

Answer 20

They will stay the same

Question 21

What are cations?

Answer 21

Positive ions (they have lost electrons)

Question 22

What are anions?

Answer 22

Negative ions (they have gained electrons)

Question 23

How is an atom held together?

Answer 23

Some of the mass is used

Question 24

What is a binary compound?

Answer 24

It contains two elements only

Question 25

How do you name binary compounds?

Answer 25

Use the name of the metallic element and then change the name of the non-metallic element to have the suffix ‘ide’

Question 26

What are polyatomic ions?

Answer 26

They consist of multiple elements

Question 27

Formula for ammonium ion

Answer 27

NH4+

Question 28

Formula for hydroxide ion

Answer 28

OH-

Question 29

Formula for nitrate ion

Answer 29

NO3-

Question 30

Formula for sulfate ion

Answer 30

SO4 2-

Question 31

Formula for carbonate ion

Answer 31

CO3 2-

Question 32

What are the two molecules that exist as molecules bigger than diatomic molecules?

Answer 32

P4 and S8

Question 33

What is a mole?

Answer 33

The mass of a substance that has as many particles as there are atoms in 12g of carbon-12