Chapter 4 Flashcards
Tissue Level of organization
What are the key features of epithelial tissue?
- Has apical surface or free surface
- Has basement membrane
- Different surfaces demonstrate polarity
- Vascular - no blood vessels
What are the two major types of glands?
- Endocrine glands
2. Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands
have no duct to the outside of the body
- products are released into interstitial fluid
Examples: thyroid, pituitary, ovaries testes
Exocrine glands
have a duct connecting them to the outside of the body
- products ultimately leave the body
- Examples: lacrimal gland (tear), sudoriferous (sweat) gland, and sebaceous (oil) gland
What are the 3 types of exocrine glands based on physiology?
- membrane glands
- apocrine glands
- holocrine glands
membrane glands
secrete a water soluble product into the duct
- Salivary glands, lacrimal glands, some sweat glands
apocrine glands
secretes a product that is slightly water soluble
- secretes part of the cell containing the product into the duct
- mammary glands
holocrine glands
secrets a product that is water insoluble into the duct by breaking off the entire cell with the product inside and releasing both into the glands
right junction
- found toward the free surface
- holds the cells tightly together
desmosome
- holds 1 tightly to its neighbor
- acts like a weld
hemidesmosome
anchors cell to a deeper cell or basement membrane
Major functions of simple squamous epithelium
- rapid diffusion of gas
- filtration of certain ions and chemicals
- rapid diffusion of gases and ions in blood vessels
Locations of simple squamous epithelium
- alveoli of the lung
- kidney/ Bowman’s capsule
- lining of blood vessels (endothelium)
Locations of stratified squamous epithelium
- inside the oral cavity
- lining the esophagus, pharynx, anus, and vagina
major functions of stratified squamous epithelium
- provides protection against small amounts of friction and abrasion in areas subject to minor scraping forces
locations of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- palm of hand
- sole of foot
functions of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
provides protection against heavy friction and abrasion in areas subject to heavy scraping forces
locations of simple cuboidal epithelium
- kidney tubules
- lining the bronchioles and sections of the thyroid gland
- liver
functions of simple cuboidal epithelium
- filtration and excretion in kidneys
- secretion of thyroid hormone
locations of simple columnar epithelium
- lines the small intestine and uterus
functions of simple columnar epithelium
absorption of nutrients in small intestine
locations of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
lining the trachea