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BIO 141 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

Tissue Level of organization

1
Q

What are the key features of epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Has apical surface or free surface
  2. Has basement membrane
  3. Different surfaces demonstrate polarity
  4. Vascular - no blood vessels
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2
Q

What are the two major types of glands?

A
  1. Endocrine glands

2. Exocrine glands

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3
Q

Endocrine glands

A

have no duct to the outside of the body
- products are released into interstitial fluid
Examples: thyroid, pituitary, ovaries testes

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4
Q

Exocrine glands

A

have a duct connecting them to the outside of the body

  • products ultimately leave the body
  • Examples: lacrimal gland (tear), sudoriferous (sweat) gland, and sebaceous (oil) gland
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5
Q

What are the 3 types of exocrine glands based on physiology?

A
  1. membrane glands
  2. apocrine glands
  3. holocrine glands
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6
Q

membrane glands

A

secrete a water soluble product into the duct

- Salivary glands, lacrimal glands, some sweat glands

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7
Q

apocrine glands

A

secretes a product that is slightly water soluble

  • secretes part of the cell containing the product into the duct
  • mammary glands
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8
Q

holocrine glands

A

secrets a product that is water insoluble into the duct by breaking off the entire cell with the product inside and releasing both into the glands

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9
Q

right junction

A
  • found toward the free surface

- holds the cells tightly together

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10
Q

desmosome

A
  • holds 1 tightly to its neighbor

- acts like a weld

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11
Q

hemidesmosome

A

anchors cell to a deeper cell or basement membrane

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12
Q

Major functions of simple squamous epithelium

A
  • rapid diffusion of gas
  • filtration of certain ions and chemicals
  • rapid diffusion of gases and ions in blood vessels
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13
Q

Locations of simple squamous epithelium

A
  • alveoli of the lung
  • kidney/ Bowman’s capsule
  • lining of blood vessels (endothelium)
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14
Q

Locations of stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • inside the oral cavity

- lining the esophagus, pharynx, anus, and vagina

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15
Q

major functions of stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • provides protection against small amounts of friction and abrasion in areas subject to minor scraping forces
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16
Q

locations of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • palm of hand

- sole of foot

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17
Q

functions of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

provides protection against heavy friction and abrasion in areas subject to heavy scraping forces

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18
Q

locations of simple cuboidal epithelium

A
  • kidney tubules
  • lining the bronchioles and sections of the thyroid gland
  • liver
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19
Q

functions of simple cuboidal epithelium

A
  • filtration and excretion in kidneys

- secretion of thyroid hormone

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20
Q

locations of simple columnar epithelium

A
  • lines the small intestine and uterus
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21
Q

functions of simple columnar epithelium

A

absorption of nutrients in small intestine

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22
Q

locations of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

lining the trachea

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23
Q

functions of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A
  • Cilia moves mucus up the trachea to remove particles and pathogens from lining of the trachea
  • goblet cells produce mucus
24
Q

locations of transitional epithelium

A
  • lining the ureters

- lining the urinary bladder

25
Q

major functions of transitional epithelium

A

provides protection of deeper tissues from materials in urine and is able to stretch as the bladder fills

26
Q

locations of dense regular connective tissue

A
  • tendons
  • aponeuroses
  • ligaments
  • walls of large arteries (aorta)
27
Q

functions of dense regular connective tissue

A
  • accommodates great pulling forces in 1 direction where elasticity is needed
  • attach muscle to muscle and bone to muscle
28
Q

locations of dense irregular connective tissue

A
  • deep dermis of the skin especially in the deep dermis of the palms and soles of the feet
  • fibrous capsules surrounding organs and joints
29
Q

functions of dense irregular connective tissue

A
  • accommodates heavy pulling forces in several directions

- provides structural strength

30
Q

locations of areolar connective tissue

A
  • mesentary

- around capillaries

31
Q

functions of areolar connective tissue

A
  • provides “packing” material between skin and muscle and between muscle and muscle.
  • accommodates gentle pulling forces in several directions
  • holds extracellular fluids
32
Q

locations of adipose tissue

A
  • under skin in hypodermis

- around kidneys and eyeballs, buttocks, breasts, and abdomen

33
Q

functions of adipose tissue

A
  • stores fuel
  • supports and cushions organs and body parts
  • insulation
34
Q

locations of reticular connective tissue

A
  • lymph nodes
  • thymus
  • bone marrow
  • spleen
35
Q

functions of reticular connective tissue

A

support other cells and provide them an attachment point

36
Q

locations of blood

A

inside blood vessels

37
Q

functions of blood

A
  • transport gases, nutrients, ions, hormones, and wastes

- helps repair damage to the body

38
Q

locations of compact bone (osseous tissue)

A

composes the majority of the long and short bones of the skeleton

39
Q

functions of compact bone (osseous tissue)

A
  • extremely hard tissue that resists strong compressive and twisting forces
  • provides resistance to the pull of gravity
40
Q

locations of hyaline cartilage

A

covers the ends of long bones, costal cartilages between ribs and sternum, apex of the nose, trachea, and larynx

41
Q

functions of hyaline cartilage

A
  • provides support and reinforcement

- prevents bone rubbing bone

42
Q

locations of elastic cartilage

A

external ear (pinna/auricle), epiglottis

43
Q

functions of elastic cartilage

A
  • maintains shape of structure while providing flexibility

- can distort and then return to original shape

44
Q

locations of fibrocartilage

A

invertebral discs, pubic symphysis, meniscus of knee joint, meniscus of temporal-mandibular joint.

45
Q

functions of fibrocartilage

A
  • provides great strength against compressive forces - acts as a shock absorber
  • resists compression
  • prevents bone on bone contact
46
Q

locations of mesenchymal connective tissue

A

highly concentrated in the umbilical cord

47
Q

functions of mesenchymal connective tissue

A

can differentiate into several other connective tissues

48
Q

locations of skeletal muscle

A

attached to the bones of the skeleton

49
Q

functions of skeletal muscle

A

movement of bones

50
Q

locations of cardiac muscle

A

walls of the heart

51
Q

functions of cardiac muscle

A

moves blood throughout the body

52
Q

locations of smooth muscle

A
  • wrapped around the walls of hollow organs

- walls of blood vessels

53
Q

functions of smooth muscle

A

moves material through organs

54
Q

locations of nervous tissue

A

brain
spinal cord
nerves

55
Q

functions of nervous tissue

A

allows for communication and control by using electrical and chemical signals

BIO 141 (10 decks)

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