Ch. 7 Flashcards
Articulation
articulations
joints
- the sites where 2 or more bones meet
What are the functions of the joints?
May Help Protect
- provide Motility to the skeleton
- Hold skeleton together
- Have some Protective function
How are joints classified based on functionality?
- synarthroses - immovable
- amphiarthroses - slightly movable
- diarthroses - freely movable
fibrous joints
bones connected by fibrous tissue. No joint cavity present.
sutures
found only between the bones of the skull
- fibers between the bones are very short
- Synarthrotic
- Used for growth but eventually they fuse into synostoses (bony junctions)
syndesmoses
- fibers between the bones are slightly longer and the bones are connected by the ligament
- amphiarthrotic joints
- Ex. distal tibial-fibular joint or ankle and distal radial-ulna joint or writst
gomphoses
a peg-like part of a bone fits into an opening on another bone
- Ex: tooth into alveolar socket of jaw bone (periodontal ligaments)
cartilaginous joints
bones are connected by cartilage
- no joint cavity present
synchondroses
a plate of hyaline cartilage is found between the bones
- almost synthrotic joints
- epiphyseal plates
- between rib and sternum
symphases
a plate of hyaline cartilage is found between the bones is a plate of fibrocartilage
amphiarthrotic joints
Synovial joints
bones are separated by a fluid containing joint cavity which allows for a large degree of movement.
- Diarthrotic joints
- Fluid used is synovial fluid
Fibrous capsule
dense irregular connective tissue
very tough
synovial membrane
loose (areolar) connective tissue and a little epithelial tissue
- produces synovial fluid
meniscus
pad of fibrocartilage on certain joints that acts as a protective pad/cushion
ligaments
bone to bone connections
tendon sheath
wraps around tendon which is filled with synovial fluid. protects tendon
bursa
protects ligaments
Gliding movements
one bone’s flat surface glides over another similar surface on a different point
(carpal and tarsal, clavicle and sternum)
angular movements
increase or decrease the angle of the joint and brings the bones closer together
flexion
movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the bones closer together