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BIO 141 > Ch. 7 > Flashcards

Ch. 7 Flashcards

Articulation

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

articulations

A

joints

- the sites where 2 or more bones meet

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2
Q

What are the functions of the joints?

A

May Help Protect

  • provide Motility to the skeleton
  • Hold skeleton together
  • Have some Protective function
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3
Q

How are joints classified based on functionality?

A
  • synarthroses - immovable
  • amphiarthroses - slightly movable
  • diarthroses - freely movable
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4
Q

fibrous joints

A

bones connected by fibrous tissue. No joint cavity present.

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5
Q

sutures

A

found only between the bones of the skull

  • fibers between the bones are very short
  • Synarthrotic
  • Used for growth but eventually they fuse into synostoses (bony junctions)
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6
Q

syndesmoses

A
  • fibers between the bones are slightly longer and the bones are connected by the ligament
  • amphiarthrotic joints
  • Ex. distal tibial-fibular joint or ankle and distal radial-ulna joint or writst
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7
Q

gomphoses

A

a peg-like part of a bone fits into an opening on another bone
- Ex: tooth into alveolar socket of jaw bone (periodontal ligaments)

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8
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

bones are connected by cartilage

- no joint cavity present

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9
Q

synchondroses

A

a plate of hyaline cartilage is found between the bones

  • almost synthrotic joints
  • epiphyseal plates
  • between rib and sternum
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10
Q

symphases

A

a plate of hyaline cartilage is found between the bones is a plate of fibrocartilage
amphiarthrotic joints

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11
Q

Synovial joints

A

bones are separated by a fluid containing joint cavity which allows for a large degree of movement.

  • Diarthrotic joints
  • Fluid used is synovial fluid
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12
Q

Fibrous capsule

A

dense irregular connective tissue

very tough

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13
Q

synovial membrane

A

loose (areolar) connective tissue and a little epithelial tissue
- produces synovial fluid

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14
Q

meniscus

A

pad of fibrocartilage on certain joints that acts as a protective pad/cushion

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15
Q

ligaments

A

bone to bone connections

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16
Q

tendon sheath

A

wraps around tendon which is filled with synovial fluid. protects tendon

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17
Q

bursa

A

protects ligaments

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18
Q

Gliding movements

A

one bone’s flat surface glides over another similar surface on a different point
(carpal and tarsal, clavicle and sternum)

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19
Q

angular movements

A

increase or decrease the angle of the joint and brings the bones closer together

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20
Q

flexion

A

movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the bones closer together

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21
Q

extension

A

the reverse of flexion

22
Q

hyperextension

A

bones move beyond its straight or upright position

23
Q

dorsiflexion

A

the upward movement of the foot so that the superior surface of the foot moves towards the shin

24
Q

plantar flexion

A

the depression of the foot downward (pointing toes)

25
Q

abduction

A

lateral movement of a limb away from the midline of the body or away from the longest digit on the hands or feet

26
Q

hyperabduction

A

lateral movement of a limb (especially arms) to have it cross slightly over the midline and over to the other side of the body

27
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb towards the midline of the body or towards the longest digit on the hands/feet

28
Q

hyperadduction

A

movement of a limb over the midline of the body or the movement of the fingers over the longest digit on the hand

29
Q

circumduction

A

movement of a limb sot hat it forms a cone in space like a pitcher for baseball

30
Q

rotation

A

turning the bone around its on axis

  • medial - in
  • lateral - out
31
Q

supination

A

movement of the ulna and radius that by rotating the forearm laterally, the palm of the hands faces superiorly

32
Q

pronation

A

movement of the ulna and radius that by rotating the forearm, the palm faces posteriorly

33
Q

inversion

A

special movement of the foot that causes the sole of the foot to move medially

34
Q

eversion

A

special movement of the foot that causes the sole of the foot to turn laterally

35
Q

protraction

A

the anterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane (pushing jaw out)

36
Q

retraction

A

the posterior movement of a body part in the transverse plane

37
Q

elevation

A

movement that raises a body part vertically in the frontal plane

38
Q

depression

A

movement that lowers a body part in the frontal plane (jaw dropping)

39
Q

excursion

A

lateral - movement of mandible away from midline

medial- movement of mandibal toward the midline position

40
Q

opposition

A

movement of the thumb to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand

41
Q

hinge joint

A

looks like a hinge and usually only able to do flexion and extension

42
Q

plane joint

A

flat surface of 1 slights over the flat surface of another

43
Q

pivot joint

A

rounded end on 1 bone fits into sleeve like structure of another

44
Q

condiloid joint

A

allows rounded edges to “rock”

45
Q

ball and socket joint

A

ball in socket and is mostly freely movable

46
Q

What are some injuries of the joint?

A

sprain - ligaments surrounding joints are stretched or torn

dislocation

47
Q

What are some diseases of the joint?

A

osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
gouty arthritis

48
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation and degeneration of the joint

49
Q

osteoarthritis

A

most common and occurs as we age. Bone on bone comes into contact forming bone spurs

50
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disease (immune system destroys joints and can happen at any point

51
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

gout
build up of uric acid crystals
happens typically in joints furthest away from their heart
crystals can cut the soft tissues

BIO 141 (10 decks)

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