Chapter 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
the study of the structure of the body’s parts and their physical relationship to one another
Physiology
the study of the function of the body’s parts and how the parts interact with each other
Homeostasis
the ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions in the face of continuous external changes
Stimulus
something that causes a condition to change
Give an example of a stimulus
Walking into a higher or lower temperature. The body will try to maintain 98.6 F or 37 C
What are the 2 mechanisms that help us to maintain homeostasis?
Negative feedback
Positive feedback
Negative feedback mechanism
the body responds in the opposite direction as the original stimulus
positive feedback mechanism
the body responds in the same direction as the original stimulus
Give examples of positive and negative feedback mechanisms
positive: blood clotting, labor, protein digestion
negative: body temp, glucose levels, pH, O2, blood pressure
dorsal/posterior cavity
contains the brain and spinal cord
ventral/ anterior cavity
consists of several subdivisions:
- thoracic
- abdominopelvice
Thoracic cavity
left and right pleural cavities (lungs)
pericardium cavity (inferior mediastinum [heart])
superior mediastinum (sternum)
[parts of esophagus and trachea)
abdominopelvic cavity
- abdominal cavity [upper] (stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys and adrenal glands)
- pelvic cavity [lower] (part of the large intestine, urinary bladder, and internal reproductive organs
What are the 2 types of membranes
- mucous membrane
- serous membrane
mucous membranes
- produces mucous (traps pathogens)
- lines passageways that are to the exterior environment
- digestive tracts, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and reproductive tract
