Chapter 4

Question 1

Define metabolism

Answer 1

a process consisting of chemical changes that take place inside living cells

Question 2

Define catabolism

Answer 2

breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones

Question 3

Define anabolism

Answer 3

synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones. Synthesis = Building

Question 4

What is synthesis

Answer 4

Building

Question 5

Explain oxidation

Answer 5

• during oxidation glucose burns in the cells to release energy that fuels anabolism
• inside the cells enzymes decrease the amount of activation energy needed for oxidation as part of cellular respiration
• gain o2 loss of hydrogen

Question 6

During oxidation what is gained and what is lost

Answer 6

o2 is gained and hydrogen lost

Question 7

Explain oxidation reduction

Answer 7

First step is oxidation (gain of 02 and loss of hydrogen)

• electrons are usually lost from the oxidized substance
• co2 remains and molecular o2 is the final electron acceptor, it combines with the removed hydrogen at the end of the process to form water

Question 8

What happens after oxidation?

Answer 8

another substance gains electrons meaning it is reduced

Question 9

Oxidation & reduction are coupled reactions known as….

Answer 9

redox reactions

Question 10

Do oxidised substances lose or gain energy?

Answer 10

lose

Question 11

Do reduced substances lose or gain energy?

Answer 11

gain

Question 12

Name the 3 types of reactions required for cellular respiration

Answer 12

glycolysis, citric acid cycle (krebs cycle), electron transport chain

Question 13

What is glycolysis

Answer 13

involves the breakdown of glucose to yield lactic or pyruvic acid, releasing energy as ATP

Question 14

What is the citric acid cycle

Answer 14

involves metabolism of carbon chains of glucose, fatty acids + amino acids. It yields co2, water and ATP (high energy bonds)

Question 15

What is the electron transport chain

Answer 15

the high energy electrons still contain most of the chemical energy of the original glucose molecule

Question 16

Does anaerobic respiration take place inside or outside of the mitrochondria?

Answer 16

outside

Question 17

Which releases the least energy? Anaerobic or aerobic respiration?

Answer 17

anaerobic

Question 18

Where does aerobic respiration generate energy?

Answer 18

mitrochondria

Question 19

Specific sequences of enzymatic actions control cellular respiraton, anabolic and catabolic reactions. Each sequenceis called a….

Answer 19

metabolic pathway

Question 20

Glycogenesis joins glucose molecules in long or short chains to form glycogen

Answer 20

long

Question 21

What is glycogenolysis?

Answer 21

is the process of forming new glucose from non-carbohydrate molecules.

the splitting (lysis) of glycogen occurs when blood glucose levels drop

Question 22

What is the most concentrated energy source?

Answer 22

fats

Question 23

what type of fats are the only type of fats regularly oxidised for energy?

Answer 23

triglyceride

Question 24

What is lipogenesis also known as?

Answer 24

triglyceride synthesis

Question 25

Explain liogenesis

Answer 25

occurs when ATP and glucose levels are high in the cells

Question 26

Explain lipolysis

Answer 26

• opposite of lipogenesis.
• Defined as the breakdown of stored fats into fatty acids and glycerol
• because the body cannot store excess protein it is broken down + replaced before it deteriorates.