Chapter 11 Flashcards
Label the primary regions of the brain
See picture. Hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord, brain stem (mid brain, pons, medulla oblongata)
Name the 4 divisions of the adult brain
cerebrum
diencepahlon
brain stem
cerebellum
The cerebrum can be divided into ___ + ___ cerebral hemispheres
left and right
Which division makes up most of the brains mass?
cerebrum
The cerebrum is covered with ….?(3)
gyri
sucli
fissures
What do sucli do?
-sucli divide each hemisphere into frontal, pareital, temporal + occipital lobes, as well as the insula which is buried deep in the lateral sukus
Name the 3 basic regions of each cerebral hemisphere
cerebral cortex
white matter
basal nuclei
Describe the cerebral cortex
- thin layer of grey matter
- comprising the outer portion of the cerebrum
- center of the conscious mind
Describe white matter
- FAST
- composed of bundles which connect grey matter areas
- carry nerve impulses between neurons
Describe nuclei
-islands of grey matter located deep inside the white matter
Describe the dienchephalon
- mostly made up of grey matter structures known as the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
- forms the central core of the forebrain
- surrounded by cerebral hemispheres
- encloses the 3rd ventricle
Describe the brain stem
- superior region - mid brain, then pons,then medulla oblongata
- deep grey matter that is surrounded by white matter fiber tracts
- brain stem has nuclei of grey matter embedded in its white matter
- human survival behaviors emanate from here
- behaviors are automatic and highly controlled
Describe the cerebellum
- 2nd largest part of the brain
- cauliflower shape
- processes inputs from the cerebral motor cortex, brain stem and sensory receptors
- regulates skeletal muscles movements
Label the locations of the ventricles of the brain
large lateral ventricles
cerebral aqueduct
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
Describe the ventricles of the brain
interconnected cavities known as ventricles exist within the cerebral hemispheres + brain stem
- continuous with spinal cord central canal
- the walls of the hollow ventricular chambers are lined with ependymal cells
- contains CSF
What are the hollow ventricular chambers lined with?
ependymal cells
Describe the location of the large lateral ventricle
located inside the frontal, temporal + occipital lobes
Describe the location of the 3rd ventricle
under the corpus callosum in the brains mid line
Describe the location of the 4th ventricle
in the brain stem, and a narrow cerebral aquaduct joins it to the 3rd ventricle
Explain the part of the brain connected to the pituitary gland
a stalk of hypothalamic tissue known as the infundibulum lie between mammillary bodies and the optic chiasma. The infundiabulum connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus
Describe the functions of Hypothalamus (9)
- controls ANS
- controls endocrine system function
- initiates physical reactions to emotion
- regulates temperature, intake of food, water balance,thirst and sleep wake cycle
- primary visceral control center for body and vital homeostatis
- mamillary bodies act as relay stations in the olfactory pathways
- vital for limbic system, uses ANS pathway to initiate expressions of emotion
- controls hormone secreation from anterior pituitary gland
- produces antidiuretic + oxytocin hormones
Describe the functions of the thalamus (4)
- relays information coming into the cerebral cortex
- mediates motor activities, sensation, cortical arousal learning + memory
- afferent impulses reaching the thalamus are basically recognized as pleasant or unpleasant
- Thalamic nuclei interpret instructions aiding in direction of motor cortical activity from the cerebellum to the basal nuclei
Describe the centers that control blood pressure and respiration
In the brain stem the medulla oblongata contains a cardiovascular center which includes the cardiac center, the vasomotor center and respiration centers that control respiratory rhythm, rate and depth. Therefore the cardiovascular and respiratory centers control BP + respiration
List the functions of the cerebellum
- processes inputs from the cerebral motor cortex, brain stem and sensory receptors.
- regulates skeletal muscle
- all cerebellar activity is subsconcious
Label the layers of the meninges
scalp/periosteum skull dura mater arachnoid mater arachnoid space pia mater brain tissue
Name the 3 layers of the meninges
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Describe dura mater
- outer most layer
- made up of fibrous, tough, white connective tissue
- has many blood vessels+ nerves
- attaches to cranial cavity
- extends inwards between brain lobes to form protective partitions
- 2 layers of fibrous connective tissue (periosteal + meningeal layers)
Describe arachnoid mater
- a thin, web like layer that lies between dura and pia maters
Describe pia mater
- many blood vessels and nerves that nourish the brain + spinal cord
- closely aligned with the surfaces of these organs
- composed of many yiny blood vessels + delicate connective tissue
- bound tightly to the brain + its convolutions
