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A & P 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 major parts of a cell

A

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

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2
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

encloses the cell

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3
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

contains genetic material and controls activities

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4
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

fills out the cells shape

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5
Q

Discuss cell membrane structure

A
  • each cells membrane is extremely thin and delicate
  • able to stretch to varying degrees
  • usually tiny folds on the surface to help increase surface area
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6
Q

The cell membrane only allows certain substances to enter or leave each cell, what is this called?

A

selective permeability

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7
Q

Name the two types of cell membrane permeability

A

deferentially permeable or semipermeable

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8
Q

What does a semipermeable membrane do?

A

allows certain elements to pass through but not others

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9
Q

What is the cell membrane also known as?

A

plasma membrane

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10
Q

What are the functions of the cell membrane? (6 points)

A
  • controls movement of substances into and out of the cell
  • allows selective communication between intracellular and extracellular components whilst aiding cellular movement
  • gives the cell form
  • where most of the cells biological activities are conducted
  • molecules in the cell membrane form pathways that allow the signals from outside the cell to be detected and transmitted inside
  • when cells form tissues the cell membrane assists by adheering the cell to other cells
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11
Q

How does the cell membrance control which substances enter and leave?

A

active and passive mechanisms

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12
Q

Which mechanism does NOT require cellular energy?

A

Passive mechanisms

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13
Q

Which mechanisms DO require cellular energy?

A

Active mechanisms

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14
Q

Define diffusion

A

Diffusion is the process where substances spontaneously move from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration.

speed is influenced by kinetic energy, molecular size and temperature

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15
Q

What influences the speed of diffusion? (3)

A

kinetic energy
molecular size
temperature

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16
Q

Define active transport

A

Active transport is the movement of particles through membranes from LOW concentration to HIGH concentration

17
Q

Define osmosis

A

Osmosis is a special type of diffusion that occurs when WATER molecules diffuse from HIGH WATER concentration to LOW WATER concentration

18
Q

Define endocytosis

A

involves secretion from the cell membrane moving particles too LARGE to enter the cell by processes within a vesicle of the cell

19
Q

Define filtration

A

forces molecules through membranes

20
Q

Define Exocytosis

A

OPPOSITE of endocytosis, in which a substance is stored in a vesicle is secreted from the cell

21
Q

Name the 3 passive mechanisms

A

Diffusion, osmosis, filtration

22
Q

Name the 3 active mechanisms

A

Active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis

23
Q

What is diffusion also known as?

A

simple diffusion

24
Q

what is the process of moving from a high to low concentration called?

A

concentration gradient

25
Q

In diffusion do particles move very quickly or very slowly?

A

very quickly + collide with other particles

26
Q

Once particles have diffused, what have they achieved?

A

equilibrium

27
Q

Why does o2 diffuse from blood to tissues/cells?

A

because its concentration is always higher in the blood

28
Q

Why does CO2 diffuse into the blood?

A

because co2 is higher in the tissues/cells than the blood

29
Q

What type of membrane does osmosis require?

A

semi - permeable

30
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

the ability of osmosis to create enough pressure to raise a volume of water

31
Q

Via osmosis, water equilibrates throughout the body so the concentration of intracelluar and extracellular fluids is….

A

nearly the same

32
Q

Water is highly polar and passes via osmosis through what?

A

the lipid bilayer

33
Q

Filtration is commonly used to….

A

separate solids from water

34
Q

Which active mechanism requires carrier proteins which combine with transported substances both specifically and reversibly?

A

active transport

35
Q

Name the two types of active transport

A

primary and secondary

36
Q

What is the name of the energy that active transport requires?

A

ATP

37
Q

Why does active transport require ATP?

A

Because it is moving against the concentration gradient

38
Q

What does active transport move across cell membranes? (6)

A

sugar, amino acids, sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen particles

39
Q

Despite being opposites, what doe endocytosis and exocytosis have in common?

A

They both use energy from the cell to move substances into or out of the cell without crossing the cell membrane

A & P 1 (14 decks)

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