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Science - 4th Grade > Chapter 4 & 5 - Understanding Ecosystems & their Energy Transfer > Flashcards

Chapter 4 & 5 - Understanding Ecosystems & their Energy Transfer Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is ENVIRONMENT?

A

all the living and nonliving things AROUND YOU; ie: people, other animals, plants, water, air, soil, and weather.

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2
Q

What is the ECOSYSTEM?

A

all the living and nonliving things in an AREA; ie: space under a rock, home to insects and tiny plants or a forest.

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3
Q

What is a POPULATION?

A

a group made of the same kind of individuals living in the same ecosystem. ie: hive of bees, people living in one city.

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4
Q

What is a COMMUNITY?

A

all the populations that live in the same place

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5
Q

What is CLIMATE?

A

the average weather over many years

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6
Q

What are BIOTIC FACTORS?

A

living parts of an ecosystem; ie: plants and animals

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7
Q

What are ABIOTIC FACTORS?

A

the nonliving parts of an ecosystem; ie: sunlight, air, water, soil, climate

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8
Q

What is POLLUTION?

A

it’s what happens when harmful substances mix with water, air, or soil

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9
Q

What is HABITAT RESTORATION?

A

when groups work together to repair damage to ecosystems ie: planting new trees, building parks

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10
Q

What are RENEWABLE RESOURCES?

A

air, sunlight, water, plants, animals

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11
Q

What are NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES?

A

coals, gas, oil – after we use it all, it will be gone forever

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12
Q

What are PRODUCERS?

A

produce = to make – any living thing that can make its own food ie: plants

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13
Q

What are CONSUMERS?

A

consume = to eat – an animal that eats plants or other animals

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14
Q

What are three kinds of consumers?

A

herbivore, omnivore, carnivore

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15
Q

What are HERBIVORES?

A

an animal that only eats plants ie: horses

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16
Q

What are HERBIVORES?

A

an animal that eats both plants and other animals ie: bears

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17
Q

What are CARNIVORES?

A

an animal that eats only other animals ie: lions

18
Q

What is a DECOMPOSER?

A

a living thing that feeds on wastes and on the remains of dead plants and animals. Decomposers break down wastes into nutrients. These nutrients become part of the soil ie: bacteria, earthworms

19
Q

What are HABITATS?

A

an environment that meets the needs of a living thing; each living thing in a habitat has a role.

20
Q

What is a NICHE?

A

a role; how a living thing interacts with its habitat. Part of a living thing’s niche is how it gets food and shelter. Also how it reproduces, cares for its young, and avoids danger.

21
Q

What is a FOOD CHAIN?

A

is the MOVEMENT OF FOOD ENERGY in a sequence of living things. Every food chain starts with producers at the very bottom and consumers at the top.

22
Q

What is a PREY?

A

Consumers that are eaten by other consumers. They are HUNTED

23
Q

What is are PREDATORS?

A

Consumers that eat prey. HUNTERS

24
Q

What are FOOD WEBS?

A

when food chains overlap

25
Q

What is an ENERGY PYRAMID?

A

shows how much energy is passed from one living thing to another living thing along a food chain

26
Q

What factors influence ecosystems?

A

Living things
Nonliving things
Climate
Humans

27
Q

How do living things influence the ecosystems?

A

plants provide food - to insects, birds, animals, humans
plants provide shelter
animal droppings make soil richer

28
Q

How do nonliving things influence the ecosystems?

A

sunlight, air, water, and soil

ie: a change in water supply

29
Q

How does climates influence the ecosystems?

A

it affects plants, animals, soil, humans

30
Q

How do humans influence ecosystems?

A

positively - build new parks, plant trees, recycle

negatively - destroying habitats, pollution, buildings

31
Q

Where do producers get their energy?

A

the sun

32
Q

Where do consumers get their energy?

A

by eating plants, or by eating other animals that have eaten plants

33
Q

Who can make their own food?

A

producers

34
Q

What do plants need to live and grow?

A

sunlight

35
Q

What would happen to animals without plants?

A

animals that eat plants would die and animals that eat other animals would die

36
Q

Who gets their food from eating producers?

A

consumers

37
Q

Who are consumers?

A

Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores

38
Q

How do herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores get their energy?

A

by eating other living things; they can not make their own food

39
Q

What would happen without decomposers?

A

Earth would be covered with dead plants and animals

40
Q

Where do all living things belong?

A

in a habitat

41
Q

What does each living thing have in a habitat?

A

a role

42
Q

What is a food chain that overlaps called?

A

Food Web

Science - 4th Grade (9 decks)

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